IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


lit 


140 


—        Ui& 

1^  IILU.  11.6 

I^Mj^^^      lllllss^^S     MniHHK 


^ 


V 


'/ 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WiST  MAIN  STRiiT 

WeUTIR,N.Y.  )45M 

(716)  t73-4503 


4^     ^\  WnS 

4R> 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHiVI/ICIVJH 
Collection  de 
mi 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microraproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


T«chnical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notaa  tachniquat  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
originai  copy  avaiiabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographlcally  unlqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significanthf  changa 
tha  uf  uai  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


□   Colourad  covart/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


r~n   Covara  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommag^a 


□   Covara  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataur4a  at/ou  pallicul4a 

□   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 
La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

□   Colourad  mapa/ 
Cartaa  gtegraphiquaa  an  coulaur 


D 


Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


p~|   Colourad  plataa  and/or  illustrationa/ 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Pifonchas  at/ou  iiluatrationa  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  material/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autraa  documanta 


Tight  binding  may  cauaa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  Interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrAe  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  Ic  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

Blank  leaves  edded  during  restoration  may 
appeer  within  the  text.  Whenever  poaaibia,  these 
heve  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certeines  pages  bianchea  ajoutAas 
lors  d'une  restauration  appareissent  dans  la  texte. 
meis.  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pes  At*  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commenteires  supplAmentaires: 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  la  malllaur  axemplaire 
qu'li  lui  a  4tA  poaaibia  da  ae  procurer.  Lea  dAtaiia 
da  cet  exemplaira  qui  aont  paut-*tre  uniquea  du 
point  da  vue  Mbllographiqua,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normala  de  filmaga 
aont  indiqute  ci-deaaoua. 


Tl 
tc 


r~1  Coloured  pagea/ 


lil 


D 


Pagea  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pagea  andommagAea 


r~~|   Pages  reatorad  and/or  laminated/ 


Pages  reetaurAea  at/ou  peliiculAea 

Pages  diacoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dAcoiortea,  tachatAea  ou  pIquAes 


T 

P 
o 
fl 


G 
b 
tl 

si 

o 

fi 

si 

o 


□   Pages  detached/ 
Pages  dAtachiaa 


Showthrough/ 


1^   Transparence 

QualltA  inigaia  de  I'lmpreaaion 

Includes  supplementery  matarii 
Comprend  du  material  supplAmantaira 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mitlon  diaponlble 


I — I   Quality  of  print  varies/ 

|~~|   Includes  supplementery  material/ 

I — I   Only  edition  available/ 


T 
si 
T 

M 

fi 
d 

ei 
b 
ri 
n 
n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obacurad  by  erreta 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Lea  pagea  totalament  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  per  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  it4  fiimAea  i  nouveeu  de  fe9on  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  Item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  retio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X                             16X                             20X                             24X 

28X 

32X 


Th«  copy  filmad  hmn  has  b—n  r«produc«d  thank* 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

Library  Diviiion 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


L'axamplaira  film4  f ut  raproduit  grica  i  la 
g4n4roaitA  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
posaibia  conaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacifications. 


Laa  imagaa  auivantaa  ont  AtA  raproduitaa  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoln.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  I'aMamplaira  filmA.  at  mn 
conformity  avac  laa  condition*  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Original  copiaa  in  printad  papar  covart  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustrated  impraa- 
aion.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriate.  All 
othar  original  capiat  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion.  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  impression. 


Tha  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Laa  axemplairas  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAa  sont  filmAs  w*  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darniAre  paga  qui  comporta  urte  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axemplairas 
originaux  sont  filmto  an  commenpant  par  la 
pramiAre  paga  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  at  en  terminent  par 
'a  darniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darniAre  imaqa  Je  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
ces:  le  symL  ^ie  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Meps.  plates,  cherts,  etc..  mey  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  retios.  Those  too  lerge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ere  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cortes.  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  i  des  teux  de  rAduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
da  I'engle  supArieur  geuche.  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessoire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrant  la  mAthoda. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

ll.-RI 


Dm 

;J*<.|)l;if. 
faistrilxi 
Diisiii  ol 

iftluli: 

on  till- 
b1<i|><-. 
many  ol 

N'iii 
W'iiiiiip 
from  ail 
E.Mk,v  : 
Fifl.l  It 
LaU*-  In 

Til. 
Red  K'i^ 
COiiHimi 
thai  a  .' 
Milk  Hi 

COIIIUM't 

Blioiilil 
gijiaiitit 
will)  till 
Tin-  -IT 

II. 

l^Oii'.  p.: 

M)<l  lll<'.< 

ileiiiiiu  I 

•  I'.p 

SD<I   till'  ' 

•tulilisli 


ii.-ki>u.tm)I'  i;\rL<iR.\ri()\s  i\  \vi:>Trj<\  cwxux  .wdtii 

WHSTHKN  llMTi:i)  STATHS. 


i:\()Kiii- 


i;v  (  AKi.  u.  i;iui;\MAN\. 

Pto/hsor  of  Xocl.'^'v,  liulititui  !  'ni:fi-  ilv. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Diii'iii 


-'  .\.iiy;M.>it. iiml  part  mI'Scihi'miImt.  is  tj.  I  m  iili'a  siTic-;  orcollcctidiis  of  tislics 
:l)i't\\»'t'ii  W  imiiinii  ami  \'aiir()ii\  t'T  in  Caiiaiia,  and  ImIwcch  rmatilla,  Oif.uoii.  ami 
M*oplai-,  Mt»iitaiia,  ill  the  I'liiti'd  States,  CoiU'ctidii.s  wcic  iiiadf  at  2.")  dilfLMciit  places 
fll.vlrilniltMl  us  lulli»\\s:  .'»  stations  in  tlie  l)asin  of  tlie  IJed  liiver  (if  tlic  N'mtli,  1  in  tlic 
pasin  of  l,i;Uc  Manitolia,  t>  in  tiic  Sii>i;at(lii'\van  Itasin,  7  in  tin'  <  oinndiia  liasin.  \  in  the 
Fra>er  ^la^ln.  and  _  in  tiie  M'>,souri  l)asin.  I  tiius  collected  niateiial  for  a  coiiiparixm 
of  tile  lisii  lanuasof  t  lie  streams  llowin^-  into  ilndson  Hay  and  into  the  (inlf  of  Mexico 
on  llie  Atlantic  slo|)e,  an<l  into  i'nu'et  Sound  and  into  tin;  ('olunibia  on  tlie  I'acillc 
glope.  Tlie  eoncliisioiis  based  on  my  ohsi'iv  at  ion>  are,  of  course,  merely  tentative,  for 
niaiix  other  species  will  prohalily  lie  found  in  tin)  streams  examined. 

Nineteen  .slo|ts  were  made  inOanadii  aloiij;'  aline  which  runs  nearly  west  froin 
"U'innipejH-. /.  c  alonj>-  the  (Canadian  I'acitic  railway.  On  the  Atlantic  slope  I  collected 
from  an  elevation  of  Too  t'ect  at  Winniiici;- to  an  eleviition  of  I, "»(»(»  feet  at  IJaiitV,  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  I'ark,  and  on  the  I'acilic  slope  from  an  elevation  of  l.O.'iO  feet  at 
Field  to  .'.(MMeer  at  I 'inatilla  on  t  lie  (^oliiinhia  .system,  and  from  1,0(>(>  feet  at  (liillin 
LuUe  to  tide  water  at  Mission  in  the  I''raser  system. 

The  streams  on  the  Atlantic  sidi;  in  Canada  lielon.u'  to  one  rivei-  system,  since  the 
Red  Ifiver  and  tlu^  Saskatclu'\>an  are  united  in  Lake  \Viniiipe.i>'  and  there  is  a  direct 
COiiimiinicalion  hetweeii  the  (j>u"Ap|)elle  Kivi'V  ;.nd  the  Saskatchewan."  1  was  iiilbrmed 
that  a  similar  relation  exists  lietwecn  the  headwaters  of  the  Saskatchewan  and  the 
Milk  Ri\er.  I  litis  connecting;  llie  Winnipeg  system  with  the  Mississippi  system.  The 
Oonnection  is  s;ud  to  lie  in  ;i  marshy  meadow  to  tlu^  w<'st  of  theCyiiress  Hills;  and 
tlioiild  tlii>  lie  a  fa't.  the  \lississii»pi,  Saskatchewan,  and  <'olnmliia  \  would  form  one 
jiij>"antic  water  •^vslcm  similar  to  th.it  formed  hy  tlie  Orinoco.  Ama/oii,  and  La  IMata, 
'Willi  the  dillV'rencc  that  tin  I'aciiic  slope  is  included  in  the  North  American  system. 
[lie  .iii'eat  similarity  ol"  the  fauna  of  the  SaskatcluMvan   to  that  of  the  Missouri  lends 


ma 


11.  Vdiilc  lliml,  1 '.iii:ch:iii  W- \  lii\rr;iuil  A-isiiiiliiiiiii'  aiicl  .SMsi:iirc'licuMii  i;x]ii'(lil  ion  (  l^oii'loii, 
GO  i.  |).M."iri : '•  W'li  siiDu  loiiiid  \i  (iDiiil  iVd  II  whicli  wi-  olisirv.'d  uati-r  licnviii'^'  to  tlif  S,isk;itc!ii'\VMii 
III  I  In- A-i.siMi''i>iiu'.      Tiic  |iiiiul  is  Ceil  li  y  ;i  iiiiiiilirr  nf  s|iriii'4S  :uiil  siuiill  si  ic;iiiis,  a  I'liot  xv  two  liiiad, 

mill"    IVnlil    till'    'iMiiil    liH1<   :ll    riollf    •ltiirli.,i    til    till-    \--illi>\     '' 


llBliin.:  Iiiiiii  I  III'  saint  liilis  at  li^ht  MUjiii's  'u  tlir  \aili'\  .' 

--        ■I'liral'iiil  ami  iiiiiMTsliiiij  ariinnit   o!'   ll iniii-rl  ion    Imi  wnii  i  In'  lii-ailwatiM's  nl' SiimI<i'  K'iviT 

4tt>il  till'  Vi'lldwslcini',  MM'   I'viTiiiaiiti.  lii'porl  ol' tin- ( '"iiiinissioiu-r  nf  I'IbIi  and  I'isliriii's  n>|iiMtiiiL;  tiie 
lilisiiiiiL'iit  III   lisii-iiiUiiral  siatiiiiis  in  tlic  K'ocky  Mimiitaiii  rrgioii  and  (jull' .Statt's,  p.  J'J,  l-sitL'. 

101 


^ 


102 


I51LI.KTIN  or  nir,  imtki)  states  I'lsii  commission. 


I 

4 


U    S   F,  ( 


color  fit  till*  rlaiiiicil  cninn'clioii  lictwccii  tlu'sc  t^V(^  s\>I<'iiis.     Tlu'  coiiiUTtion  Ih'Iwi'imi 
tli«>  .Missniiri  iiikI  tlir  Coliiiiiliiii  li:is  stiiirrly  nllrctiMl  tlic  <listi'il)iitioii  of  lislies. 

Tlu'  rf;iioii  IVoni  WiimiiM';:;  to  Caluiiiy  is  vriy  iimdi  likf  aiiv  sect  ion  iiitlu'  I'liiti'il 
States  tVoiii  till-  Mississi|.|ii  !<»  the  llockics.  'I'ln-  slope  lor  tlie  most  part  is  impen-cp 
tiblt' ami  tin- coiiiitiv  is  level  or  sliylilly  lolliiit;.  A  lar;;e  pait  is  piairie.  the  rest  i> 
covered  witii  Imv  sliriilis.  'I'lie  livers  have  usually  Mdiii  a  narrow  valley  l>elow  tin- 
jieneial  smt'aee,  and  their  hanks  are  neiiily  always  (piite  al»rn|)t  anti  v<>ry  inmitly. 
From  Calfjaiy  the  aseent  is  rapid  and  the  streams  lieeome  mountain  toneiits. 

On  the  i'acilie  slope  the  streams  are  all  swilt.  and  from  Field  to  tlu*  r<dumbiii  the 
descent  i  ^  very  rapid.  The  ('olund)ia  is  navi;^'ahle  from  (ioldeu  U|»,  but  below  (i olden 
tiiere  are  many  rapids.  Tins  river  undies  a  lony  horsj'slioe  bend  towards  the  north, 
and  wJH'u  tiie  railway  strikes  it  ai;ain  at  l{e\elstoke  the  river  is  1,(MM>  li-et  Ictwor  and 
a;;ain  navigable. 

1  reeeived  much  valuable  information  and  many  courtesies  from  Mr.  MeC^ueeii. 
inspector  of  lisheries  for -Manitoba:  from  Mr.  W.  Hill,  of  \\'ininpe<;';  Mr.  Amedee  Iv 
Fori^et.  of  the  Canadian  Indian  department:  ('apt.  Ilarjter.  of  the  <'anadian  mounteij 
jiolice,  ai  il  Mr.  G.  A.  Stewart,  superintendent  of  the  Korky  Mountains  I'ark  of  Cainula, 

i'lnally,  I  must  acknowledge  my  indel>te<lnessto  l>r.  Albert  (iiintlier,  of  the  HritisL 
Museum,  at  whose  sujijiestion  and  e.\i)ense  the  e.\|(lorations  were  undertaken. 


/•',-, 


( ;,/, 


STATIONS  WHERE  COLLECTIONS  WERE  MADE. 

In  tlie  followiufx  list  I  give  the  names  of  the  places  visited  by  nie  in  tlieir  regulai 
sueces.sion.  the  name  of  the  river  examined,  tlie  system  to  which  U  belongs,  and,  as  fai 
as  I  have  been  able  to  determine,  the  elevation  of  t'aeli  locality.  All  tlu'  elcvaticuis  o' 
Canadian  i»oiuts  have  been  taken  from  the  levi'ls  of  the  </anudijin  PHcifie  Uailroad 
riate  ■)  illustrates  the  relation  of  these  stations  to  each  other, 


Stiitiun. 


I 


GIfvatiiiii. 


.Struaiii. 


Itivpi-  HyMtem. 


Cannilii,  Alliililir  n|ii|ii'  : 

WillIli|Pi  j; 

West  Im  nunc 

lliaiiilciii 

Oii'AliiicUc 

Kii:iMii 

Moipsn.law 


I 


.1 


<'liai«liii I Old  Wiv 


7ilii  l!iil  IJivprnf  thoXiiilli ; 

*Tr)ii  Wliitr  .Mini Mnnitolia  Lake. 

l.l.Ml  AHsinilioinc |  JSed  KiviT. 

•1,7110  gn  ApiMllf   Do. 

l.H".')  l,a<'aH ana  flick |  it". 

1.7l.'.">  MoiKso.law I  l»ii. 


Swill.  Ciirnnt 

Mapli'  CrccK 

.Mfiiiiiiio  Hat . . . 

(Jaluarv 

lianir. 


LaKi'. 


'.'.■KID     Swirt  iJiincnl 

(.')  :i.  sill  I  Majilr  ('nrk 

'J.  I 'ill      ,Sii»kati  lirwiin 

a.:Wfi      liiiw  anil  Kllinw 

4.ri(iu  lidw  ami  \  ir.nilliiin. 


Sa.-^Ualilicwati. 
I  In. 
III). 
Do. 
1)11. 


(.'aii.iila.  I'a'ilif  nIoih' 

I'ii'l.l 

tiiililrn   

J{i'vilslokc 

tirillln  l.akc 

SU'ainoiis  i 

Kaniliiii|is 

Mission  


I 


Uniliil  Slates: 
I'lnatilla  .. 
I.a  (iianili'. 
Talilwrll ... 
IilaliM  l'all> 

<>ai>' 

I'liplar 


4 

(I.1II 

'2 

."i.'iii 

1 

47.'-. 

1 

illlil 

1 

:inii 

1 

mill 

'J 

7SI1 

■ii'2 

1 

71" 

t;i 

4:  If 

II 

mill 

KicMiiy  IliiiMi' (.'oliiniliia. 

Kii'KinL'  IIiu'm' ninl  Cnliinilila Ho. 

('oliiniliia I  111. 

(iiilliii  I.akr Krasi'f. 

Sliii-iliwap  l.akr l»ii. 

'I'liiiinp.siin  IJiviT l>o. 

I'"ias<r l»o. 


Vniulilla  Creek  nml  r'oliiniliia 

liianil  llonili* Coliiniiiia. 

llniMl' l»o. 

Snaki'  liivcr I)o. 

MiriHiiiiri Mis.Hoiiri. 

I'liplar  ItiMT Do. 


I 


Aliiiiit 


tlik'valion.s  I'lirnislu'il  liy  (inat  N'oitlR'ni  Uallioail  tliniiiuli  il.s  t;i'nt"ral  iiianaficr.  Mr.  I),  h.  Mohler. 


Sn.s/,; 


I  las  1 1% 


RELA      . 

'untinuiM 
.    Till- 1,,'.. i,, I 
'lertKiii  i"'i. 


,  U    S    r,  C     l8'-t       L'(ilil»I.cr,  .f,  A»,fn  Cl'  I'll    ric       •  T^  '  icp  pa,;o   102 


Plate  5. 


V  liiitcil 

lie  roHt  i^ 
U'lnW  till' 

iiiibin  tln' 
i\v  (IdUU'ii 
;lie  north, 
lower  and 

M((^iieeii. 
iiu'dfe  K. 
1  iiiouiitetl 
)f  Ciiiunlii. 
\hv  liritisli 
en. 


eir  reftuliii 
sviul,  as  fai 
ovations  o 
V  liaihoad 


,.\//.S6VO// 


SCAiC 


iOO    MIIU    Wilt 

looo  rrcr  vtur 


/''ill.-.'  r    I  In  sill. 


(  'ill II  iiiliin    / lii.si II , 


^-^U<J"/ln  Fulls 


SnsL'illrlii  iiiiii    I'liisiii. 


!bIohler. 


Hn.si  II   III   lin     lii  il   li'i  ri  r 

ill'  Ui.'  .\iii/li. 


H'rs/honrnr 

RELA'TiVE   LONUiTuniNAL   AN'i    A  L  T  .  t  g  |_  i  ^  aL    PObiT.OfJb   OF     :  H  E,    POINTS   WHERE   CliL  L  EC  !  n.>N  b   WERE    MAT'E 

■Olltiliii'>iis  liii.'  n.|,ri>s.-iil-;  III.'  ( ',iii,i.|i.iii  |...iiil-       '1  li.-  iim-|-  Ii;i-.iii-.  t..  wlil-h  lli.-.i-  \>.hi\\^  I ..  1.111..'  ;iiv  iii.IiimIi.I  '..■ii.miIi  ih.    ^i'm  Irifl 

.    Tli<-  lir.'k.ii  ;ir i.iiii.'fts  111..  fiiiii-.l  Stall's  |i.iiiii.-      .\ll  ili,.si'  «..^i  ..|   i!i,'  lii-l|.'>i  |...iiil  ■.ii'Lui;,'  I..  III.'  1  '..liiiiil.i.i  liii^in;  all  iIm.s.. 

tierlKliI  liel.iiiL,'  I.,  ilic  .MJss.iiiii  lia.slii 


1 1. 1  ;■(;;$ 


The  Im-.I  : 

of  Stlllllp- 

bilit.v  In  \ 
nnsM's  I  In  I 
<)V«?r  ilif 
ttaliesisc 

■g4<''<''*  ■' 
and  I  >n  It'll 

(£rW(v».s|. 

qaaiitiix 

Til.-  ' 

narrow  st 

alteniatii 

aud  suiiii 

can  l>t'  sli 

Til.'  , 

'itreiiiM  it: 

.'very  lici 

jravclly  i 

lot  Iciini 

111  or 

)y  stiijio. 

ong*  1  or 

link  liol.' 

s  at  its  1 

alley  of 

s  flanlvt'il 

leptli  of 

o  20  y;in 

II  the  st! 

II  those  1 

Til.' 
troaiii  ill 
iipossihl 
eeds.  ] 
lie  biiiik 
liese  'ii 
im  a  sii 
lecies  wi 
ary  aim 


i'\iM.(>i;.\TH)\s  IN  wr.iTKUN  canada.  i:tc 


103 


DKSCRIPTION   OK    I.OCAMTIKS   IN   THK  ORDKR   OK    KXPLORA T ION. 

<    \N.\I» A. 

'I  lie    nuiiiii  ;il I    \\'iliiii|i('y    is  ;i  ll;it   |m;i  illc  :il»iiat  l'"»  or  .'.(»  Iccf    jilxivc   I  lie  livcr. 

Th<-  liril  iiii'l  hiiiiivN  III'  till-  li'cit  ItiviT  III'  till-  Niiitli  all'  iiiiii|il\  ill  I  lir  i'\l  iriiir  ainl  lull 
of  .sliiiii|>>  ai'il  siia;;is.  In  si'iiiiiii;.  w  ln-ri'  wi-  iliil  imt  siiiU  into  iln-  iiiinl  liryoiiil  |n»s>i 
bilitv  III  \M>iU.  Niiiijrs  wi'icsiir'  ti  iiiti'i  Iric.  All  iilil  I'li'iir'i  lislii'riiiiiii  lias  rlciircd  tli(^ 
nna^s  IVuin  a  sImiI  >lrrti'li  nt'  liaiiK.  and  licri-  I'idiii  iiiorniii.,  lil!  ni;>'lit  In- ilrai^s  a  scini' 
over  tlirsaiiu'  ;:iiiiiiiil.  iiiaUiiiL:  almiil  LMI  liiiils  iliiriii;:  tin- day.  I'ln-  alMniilaiiic  nf 
tlalics  is  r\  idfiii  I  mm  the  lari  that  a  nniiibrr  a:c  taUi-ii  wiili  i'\  •  r.\  lianl.  i'lir  ininripal 
gperii's  alt'  till-  ;:i>ld  eye  (//""'""K  ^^  liirli  is  stnuKnl  and  drii'd;  tiic  vaiimis  snrkt-rs 
and  liMiralo;  iln'  pirkrid  !  liiTc  tin-  spci-ics  i.f  Sfi:i>slnlion  ^o  Ity  llii>  iiaiiic);  tlu'  |»iUt' 
(/itt( /('s  .  >tiir;;i'on.  and  ratlisli.  Tiir  last  aif  i-xtirint'ly  alniiidaiil,  and  aii- taki'li  in 
quantity  willi  Land  liiirs. 

Till-  VVIiitc  Mild  l.'ivcr  at  W'l'Sthonnic  is  triWiitary  tn  I-aki-  Manitniia.  It  is  a 
narinw  >l  n'ain.tiO  to  S(»  feet  w  id«',  and  swilt.  Tlici*'  ai»'  pt'lilily  wet'dcovcii'd  sffetriu's, 
alteiiiatinji  witli  deep  iiinddy  jiools.  'I'lic  ruiintiy  aiioiit  Wt'sthotinic  si-i'iiis  to  ln'  low 
aud  swampy.  I.nviiis  iKciitu  is  reported  to  ascend  in  such  miiiibers  to  spawn  tiiat  tiiey 
can  1)1-  slioveled  out. 

'Ilie  .Assiiiibiiine  at  lirandoii  meaiideis  iliion;ili  a  valle.v  almiit  a  mile  wide.  The 
■«treani  itself  is  swilt  and  hi-twei  ii  J(»0  and  .">(»<>  I'ret  wide.  The  enrreiit  ilianni's  with 
■very  lu'iid,  now  appi'oarhin;:'  one  side,  now  aiiothri'.  The  iiottom  of  tin' stiraiii  is 
jravelly  ill  places,  hut  for  the  {^I'eater  part  the  soft  mud  is  i*  or  more  feet  deep.  I  did 
loth'ani  of  any  tisiiin;:  here  for  the  market. 

In  onh'r  to  leaci.  the  <jMi'Api>eIle  Ifiver  it  was  neci'ssary  to  ride  nearly  L'O  miles 
)y  8taj;e.  The  road  is  over  a  wind  swept  prairie,  with  clumps  of  low  shrubs.  At 
onger  or  shorter  intervals  there  are  siiallow  depressions  which  resemliie  enoriiiou.s 
;ink  iioles  of  limestone  countries.  Nothing  is  seen  of  tiie  <^>u"Apiielle  Valley  till  one 
sat  its  blink,  where,  about  .{(HH'eet  lielow  the  ;;eneial  level  of  the  praiiie.  lies  the 
alley  of  the  (.brAiipelie.  or  ••  Wiio  ('alls''  b'iver.  The  valley  is  over  a  mile  wide  and 
s  flanked  l»y  al)riij»l  walls.  It  is  occupied  Ity  a  series  of  four  lakes  haviiiman  avera;;e 
leptli  of  about  i:\  feet.  The  lattei'  are  connected  by  a  swilt,  clear  stream  only  l.T 
o  20  yards  wide.  They  abound  in  lish.  h'tlirnstoiim  iiifinnn  lloiirishes  in  |»crfectioii 
lithe  streain  connecting;  the  lakes.  Two  species  of  wliitdish  [<'i>riiii)niisj  nn'  taken 
II  tliese  lakes,  but   I  was  unable  to  obtain  any  specimens. 

The  country  al»out  liciiina  is  mostly  a  level  prairi«'.  Lacawana  Creek  is  a  small 
troam  about  I  \ards  wide,  its  lied  is  \  cry  muddy,  so  much  so  that  it  was  almost 
iipossible  todiawaiiel.  The  liaiiks  are  abiiiidaiitly  supplied  with  various  water 
eeds.  Near  the  town  the  stream  has  been  dainnied  to  form  a  ieser\oii'  for  the  city, 
he  bank  ol'  the  nservoir  neaicNt  the  cily  has  a  strii»  of  cliara  about  L'O  t'eet  wide. 
liese  rliara  t'clds  harliored  thousands  of  /'/*/(r/)/M(/r.v  and  a  iVw  Knntlhi,  ISelow  the 
im  a  single  haul  of  the  seine  secured  about  a  peck  or  more  of  l-!iiriillii.  Only  four 
>ecies  were  taken  at  this  place.  Suckers,  and  especially  jiikc  (Lnriiis],  are  said  to  be 
ary  alnindaiit  iliiriiiL;  their  brcedini;  season  or  in  the  early  sprin,u. 


i 


101 


itrM.i'.iiN  Ml'   riii:  ijyrri:i)  siati;s  risii  commission. 


Altdiil    MiHi-c   ,I;iv\  llnTc  iin'  inlliiiy   liills.      Aliovc   tin-  towii.  Mnosf  .law    ('ink     pJiii«'s. 
Hows  tliinimli  ;i  ii.imiw  \  alley  <ir  yoryc;    iiimi'  tlic  slatiuii  it  joins  'riiiiiMlci'  CriU'U.  ,i     llnyoy  > 
siiialirr  >lrca!n.     As  is  usual  ajoii;;  tln'  lailroail.  lin-  -ln'aiii  is  <laaiiii*>*l  iii-ar  tlic  >i.i      »li<l  '"/ 

tioi;.      lU'iiiw   llit'iiaiii   it    liiniis  a   xiinis^inii   or<lif|i   | Is  ami   shallow  lilHlt'.s.     'I'll  At 

roiiililiDiis  ^I'fiiM'il  lavoialtlf  I'ni  a  l:ii'i:<'  vaiit-ty  of  liv|i  Ijif.  hiil  tin-  iiiiiiilit'r  ul  .s|icrir-  0«)liiial) 
ol)taiii<-i|  was  \ci'\  sriiall.  Tin-  lai';:*!'  spfrirs  air  iiinif  ahiiiKiaiil  \\fiv  than  tl<  brronit  < 
snialli-i  Wlif<  r  I'l 

(  Hil  \\i\  cs  Lake  is  aiUaliiH',  and  as  lai'  as  I  ronld  <iriciiniM<'  contains  no  lislics.       Of  I  In-  h 

Swiff  <'Miiiiit  is  an  ideal  plaee  lor  variety  in  lisli  lite.  'I'lie  sticain  is  narrow  ain'  pint- <  l.n 
on  an  a\  eiaue  alHiut  L'  leel  deep,  it  llo\vso\er  yiavel  and.  as  the  name  implies,  h:iv  WK'i'hd  I 
a  swill  eiiiK'iit.     It  is  jiist  such  .1  stream  iis  the  darter  delights  in  in  more  suntliei  ^'  ' 

latiliide>.  and  in  la 't  one  ol'  t  heir  niiinher.  i'.llitdslnnm  /o/ro.  is  tpiile  ainiiidant  lieii  »  Hei  les 
'rhi>  is  the  (iidv  darler,  li(>we\  <'r.  tli:il  I  oi)taiMed  in  the  wateisul'  I  he  .Saskatehewn  •*"'  ''"' 
I'.asin.      The  >lream  is  dammed  aliii\('  (lie  niilwa.v ,  and  it  is  Jirst   bohtw  the  dam  th.i  ''"' 

the  mns|  laxoralde  loeality  for  lishin;''  was  Iniind.  Mtweeii 

At  tia-  lime  I  \isiied  Maple  <  reel,  it  consisted  ofa  snceession  of  slimy  pools  in      •Oore^. 
muderately  deep  eliaiinel.     'i'lieie  waN  an   almost   iiieessant  cold  rain   that    pi'eventec    OOVereil 
miieli  woiU.  lint  altlioiii;li  1.',  inclics  of  water  fell  dnriii;^  my  stay,  no  iminessioii  wiia'    •"d  alxiii 
I'vei  was  made  on  the  (piantity  ol   water  in  tiie  pools.     .Maple  <'reeU  empties  into   I'.i.   »bniidan 
Stick  Lake  wliirh.  in  iii;.;h  w  ater.  o\  ei  tlows  into  a  tril)iitai>  of  tiie  Saskatchewan.  **"'    '"" 

'i'lie  Saskatchewan  Ilixei  at  Medicine  Hal  is  a  na\  i^-alde  >ti('am  with  a  swift  ciii  ■*•"!'  'i'" 
rent.  I'lie  water  is  cold  and  cloudy.  Man.\  of  the  larjicr  species  of  lisli  were  reportd  '**''  '"^  ''' 
to  me  heic.  altlioll;i;li  I  ohtailicd  lull  few.  The  ri\er  hed  is  said  to  he  l.(i(M»  feet  iowi  '"•  *'"'"  '' 
tlian  lliat     I    Maple  Creek,  the  desceid  diiriii;.;  the  last  U'w  miles  lielore  icachiny'  tli  >icai 

ri\t'i  licin;;  .  onsideialile.  The  bed  of  this  river  lies  in  a  level  valley  of  varying;' widil  •*''^''''  ' 
At  .Medirine  Hal  the  low  hills  approach  almost  to  t  he  edyc  of  the  ri\  er.  ■^'"'   ^^"'' 

Caluarx  lie->  in  liie  V  foi  iiied   l»>  the  jniictioii  o|'  the  Klhow   with   the  r>ow  Ifivci   *•  _<•'* ''"■^^r 
lloth  of  the  rivers  are  swift,  clear,  cold   mountain  sti<'ams,  (he  former  hein;;'  the  sha!  **®'>^ht. 
lower.     Ti  oiil.  ,SW/;//((  and  .N'((/(v7////(.\-,  are  al>iiiidaiit ,     Seining' in  I  he  i>ow  Uiv  er  jnopi    QUt'iiliv  a 
wa>  impits--ilile.  and  it  wasroiiliiied  to  the  sloii^hs  o!  i  "lat  river  and  to  the  ICIIiow.     Tii'  *Wchov  le 
country  is  hilly  and  lievoid  ol'limlicr.     Tin-  U'ockics  are  seen  from  here.  •^'  '"* 

I'roiii   <'aluary  to  I'.anlf  there  is  a  steady  ascent,     iiaiill'  is   located  on  the  ilo    together 
l{iver  and  in  the  Canadian  L'ocky  Mountains  I'ark.  ^"^•■'  I''"' 

The  vaile.v  ol  the  I'.ow  is  swampv-  lor  several  miles  aliove  I'.aiifl",  an. 1  the  ilo'v  U'ivi    ^"'•'''  '' 
ilsi  if  is  a  ipiiet  deep  stream.     At   liiiitf  it   hecoincs  a  toriciit  in  which   lishiiij;'  with  '  vall<| 

m-l  is  impo-siiile.  'I'jie  valley  is  ev  erywiieiv  tpiite  nai'rovv  and  llanked  li,v  iii^h  nion  ftr^'lcvoj 
tain-.  N'ciiniliion  Creek,  tin' outlet  of  the  N'ei'million  Lakes,  wliicli  lie  in  the  swam,  t^lC'"'!''! 
of  tlie    r.ow.  ciiteis   ihe  Kow  at    li.iiilf.  as  also   does  l'"orty-.Mile   Creel;.     These  tiili  SnorJ 

taiie>  ai<'(lcai  and  ii'.v  cold.  On  the  opposite  side  a  .-^iiiall  stream  of  warm  wai  SOi>'"'i-;l 
enters   I'lom   tiie  hot  sidphiir  springs,  and  a   much   la rf;er  stream,  the  Spray   Kiv' 


wiiirh    is.  Iiowcvt'r.  too  swift  for  scinini;'.     'I'he  lai'i^cr  streams  all   ahoiin.l   in  Sal- 
itnjhiss.  Si' I  nl  ill  IIS  iiitiiiii/iciish.  and  ( 'oriiimiiis  irlUiii  nisitni. 

l"iom  r.aiilV  the  asci-nl  is  very  rapid  to  tlie  continciilal  tlivide.  The  deseont  ' 
the  I'acilic  sjde  js  even  more  stce|).  Mv  lirsi  station  on  the  i'acilic  side  was  at  Kid 
where  the  iiioiiMtains  i  ise  Id.UlKt  feet  ai)ove  the  river.  'I'he  river  lied  of  the  Kick;i 
Horse,  at  I'irld.  is  a  luoid  sandv  stK'tch  and  the  water  Mows  in  several  channels.  'I! 
main  stream  is  t<io  swift   for  seininu.  but  the  smaller  lirandn's  are  tiuieter  in  niai 


south 

broad  -hi 


i 


,;XI'l,<ii;AI|tiN.s    IN    Wl/^TKKN    <AN.\l».V.    KTC 


105 


CnM-k.   1 
llic    >l.i 

ll    s|i«'rir~ 

tllilll  tlx 

»  llsln-s. 

lIMOW   ill  Ml 

plit'S.  Iii- 
StXlt  lit', 
iint    lit'ii 
atclicwiiii 
(lam  tliii 

pools  ill  i 
lUH'Vonttil 
sioii  \vli;r 
s  into    i'>i. 
K'WiHI. 

swill  (Mil 

V  rv\un\'  > 
\Wt  lowi 

iicliiii};'  til' 
iiiji'  widil 

l>o\v  l!i\r, 
i;;-  tli»'  sliii! 
ivcr  proi" 
Ihow.     'ill' 

til  tilt'  1)11 

'  I'.o'v  IJivi 
liin<;-  with 

liiyh  III 

tlic  swiiini 
riit'sc  trill 
Wiiriii  w;ii' 
piiiy  l{i\' 
11,1    ill  S<il' 


pliui's.  Till'  ii'\  wMiiT  lit  ilic  Kickiiiii  llttisi- is  milUv  in  iippfiiiiiiicfuinl  t"iil!ol';i  tmi^li 
(diiyt'N  >i|l»-t;ilir('.  I'lMl  twii  >p«'rif- uC  li>ln«s  wcic  olitiiiiifil  lii'lf.  ('it)i  iimnis  iniilln  i 
MhI  f'>>lhi.y  ithiliiiiiits.  Iintli  new   III  sticiiff. 

\l    llii'  lliitlllh  111' till'   Kirklll-   llol  «c.  ill  (  iolill'll.  otluT  I'ollt'fllKll^  Wi'ic  lliaiit'.      Tliw 

0«iliiMi!ii,i  li'i\  IT  alxivt' filis  pl;iii' i>.  ii,i\  i'.MMf  liii  '•mmII  "•tfamfi".  I'lclnw  (ioNlt'ii  it 
bf^t'uiiK  <  :i  iiinow  tni'H'iit.  ( 'iiIIitI  iiiiiN  \\  n<'  iiiatif  ill  :i  liii'ailow  oVi  rllowcil  Ity  Itai'k 
Wilt)  r  iVttih  I  lit'  (  iiliiiiiiiia.  ainl  in  tlif  <  tilinnliia  at  tin  iiiniit  li  of  oni'  of  t!i«'  hrainlii's 
of  IIm'  KhUm;^  llm-if.  '1  lif  \;illf.\  nt  lln'  *  oliiiiilda  linf  >|ii|ic>  up  tn  a  iaii;ii'  n\'  low 
pint' I'lail  iiMMiiilains  "xtiiiilin;:  paiallcl  'Ailli  tlit-  >lr«'aiii.  SaliiMiii  >  Oiiriiiln/ii<li"x) 
MM'fiiil  lo  I  iiis  point. 

\l  i;i'V<'l>tiiI<i'  ihf  (  (till  III  Ilia  i»  a  iniu'ii  lai  un  -.Ilea  in  ami  \i'iy  swilt.  Tu  tlif  west 
ft|i<'rii>>o|  liiuli  iiiiiiinlaiti>  aif  M't'ii  wliiiii  tmiii  llic  v\  atii  >Im'iI  iifluci'ii  tin- ( 'oliiiiiltiil 
Mid  till-  i'la^ci.     (In  iln-fa^t  tin' ascfiil  i^  iimmi' ^railiial. 

(Iriltin  i.aUi-  is  tiif  last  of  a  x-rics  nt  siii;il|  lalii's  hi'-iiinin.L:  Jiist  Ih'miiiiI  t  Ik-  ili\  iilf 
llptwfi'n  ill)'  <')ilninliia  anil  tin-  i'la^t'i.  !t  is  a  \i-t'\  ilt'ar  laU)'.  sliallow  nt'ar  t  lit' 
riloii"-.  It  IS  alioiii  a  mill'  wiilf  ami  altoiil  1' iiiilt's  lnnu.  All  '^lirks  iyiiiL:  in  it  an' 
^Vi'i'ttl  uitli  a  liiiulit  unt'ii  sponj^i'.  tlit-ai  ''lii^ItT^  nl  tin' saint' spimut'.  a  root  liii^li 
flB<l  alioiit  lilt'  saint'  wnllli.  an-  '•itii  mi  tin-  iMitluin  in  sjiallnw  waltT.  I''isli  lil'i'  is  not 
abniiilaiit.  from  it>  hank""  low  inonntains  r;-.i'.  'I'lif  ^tri'ain  llowin;:  iVoin  it  is  swift 
an«l  full  111  yoiiiiL;  S'llni".  \  iiiiliMicntaiy  ilain  lias  hern  roiislnifti'tl  at  its  oiitlft  to 
ket'p  tiiiilitT  fi'oin  lloatiii;^'  ilowii  a.Liainst  the  lailwav  Uiiil^t'i'.  As  a  )'ons('ipii'iir)'  the 
Ink)'  is  full  of  siia;.;s.  'I'lic  oitlli't  ol  (liiltiii  Lak)'  t'liijitit's  into  l'',ayli'  li'ivfr,  which  in 
its  turn  I  niptifs  into  Sliu>liwap  i.akr. 

Sicamoiis  is  a  siniiiui  on  an  aim  of  Slmshwap  Laki'  iii'ai-  tiif  moiilli  of  tli)'  Maylc 
River.  Low  iniiiintains  fovmcti  with  pim-s  ax'rmi  from  all  t  lit' shoii's  uf  tin'  laki'. 
Tilt'  wati'i'  of  till'  lakf  is  inin  h  wainifi'  than  that  of  tht'  I'^auli-  li'iscr.  Tlir  Itollnin 
is  o\  I'l'^iiiiwii  with  wati  r  wt'i'ijs  w  hicii  x'i'in  in  soiiii'  plari-s  to  he  "JO  t'ci't  or  niort'  in 
beiylit.  I'"isli  ai  I-  \  )'r\  almmlanl  ami  si-hools  nf  tlirin  swim  lu'low  t  he  snrfact',  trt'- 
qul'iillN  a    v\  iioli'   x'lniol    piikiii'.;'   tiicir   hfails   up    tou't'tlifi'.   iiki'   srhools  of  friulitt'iii'd 

ant'lioN  ii's. 

.\t  Kamloops  till'  Ninth  riioinpsim  l.'ivci' I'liiptii's  into  'riiompsoii  Itivcr.  fonniiifj 
togt'tlii'ia  -^trfaiii  iifaiiy  a  mih'  widi'.  Thi'  riirri'iil  is  inoilcralt'.  ami  f))rin(M  ly  st«'am. 
boats  plicil  on  tlif  ri\)r.  Thi'  iiiai',i;in>  of  ihc  stifain  art'  full  ot  wad'rw  i-i'il>.  ihioimh 
which  it  i>  iiii|inssjli|i'  to  ilraw  a  m-l,  .Salmon  arc  taken  licit'  hy  the  Slmshwap  India  lis. 
Th«'  \  aili'y  is  >kirti'iM)\  roumli'i!  hill-  which,  wit  ii  tin'  cxo'plion  of  scattcrt'tl  pines, 
are  tli  \  niil  of  tncs.  l  he  w  ,ilir  i>  II!  mil  wariin  r  than  in  the  mountain  >t  reams.  Ihonyh 
the  eyai  t  tt'inpiratiire  was  not  oiitaimil. 

Si;iin  after  leaving'  Kamlooiis  t In- ilesceiit  a.ii'aiii  Wecomt--  \i-i-y  sleep  ami  coiilinne.s 
BO  nil  mi;' till'  l-'rasi-r  ro  Mis>i.iii.  wln'ie  the  river  is  alVi-i-ti-il  l»y  hmli  tiiles.  Tiie  eoiintry 
Sontii  of  Mi~-siuii  is  mar.sh.N .  a  tew  liill>  lisiii'.; mi  theiioitli.  Tlie  Kraser  is  here  a  slow, 
bromi  <tieam.  ami  >aliniiii  ami  >rur'^eoii  aboiiml  in  it. 


L»  (k'st'Ciit  ' 
vas  at  Kiel' 
the  Kick;; 
aiiiiek-^.  11 
ter  ill  inai 


10<) 


m  I.I, i;  I  IN  Ml    iiiK  r.Niri;!)  staiks  fish  commission. 


r.Mri'it  siAi'Ks. 

Tlir  rc{ri<»n  i\l>onf  rmalilla  is  m  inllinu  pniiiir.  Tin-  liiUiksof  tlir  ('nliiinltiii  l!i\i 
arc  Mainly  ami  ;ir:iM-lly.  Tlif  rinaiiiia  Kivt-r  is  small  aii<l  *'m|itir>  in  in  iIk-  (  mIiiiiiIm. 
AI)iMit  its  iiKiiitli  is  an  cstiiury  with  a  snt'i  iiiiid  Itotiorii  aiiW  with  IVniii  _  to.'i  Irct  <l*-|>i 
of  waltT.  TIm' mm!  ami  sitmc  wati-rwfnl.s  usually  liih'il  the  net  so  that  it  was  ilitlinii 
to  piciv  out  tile  lish,  i'>|ii'cially  as  it  was  mccssars  lu  rollcct  alM'r  tIaiU.  TIh'  iiim> 
im|)oi'taiit  iliscovciy  ol'  I hf  >fasoii  wa>  madi'  at  this  point,  ('olmnhiit  tniiisiiiDiili'n 
shows  in  a  striking:  way  tin- moiliiii  ation  ni  thf  lin-«  nl  the  I'acilir  slopi-  tishcs.  i 
this  cast' it  has  t'oaml  expression  in  the  stron;;  spinc-i  at  the  ori^iiiot' the  anal  ami  ih 
dorsal  tins. 

Til)'  <iraml  itomlc  KMvcr  is  a  trii>ntaryot  the  Snake.     At  La  (iraiidc  it  is  a  sm.i 
streani  with  a  lew  deep  holes.      It  is  damine(|   near   the   town  tor  liiillin;>    purposes. 
I'lill  of  an;;ular  pieces  of  lava,  and  scinin*;  is  almost  impossilde.     Kclow  the  dam  lar;:' 
lUl'Ulicrs  ot'  Anntiocirlix  were  t'onnd  dead. 

AImhiI  ( 'aldwell  thei'niintry  is  a  level  plateau,  tn'clcss  except  alon};  the  river  l»ani» 
The  IJitisc  Uiver.  whieli  is  a  swift  stream  al)oat  100  I'eet  oi'  less  in  '.id  is  dammed  a 
vari(His  places  to  di\ert  the  water  into  irrijiatiiiK'  ditches.  There  are  level  stretclii 
ill  the  liver,  aitcniatiaji  witli  swift  riftles. 

At  Idaho  I'alls  the  Snake  i;i\ei  has  worn  a  narrow  fjor^ye  tliroiifjh  tlie  lava,  and 
a  fierce  torrent  in  which  .seiiiiii;>  was  out  of  tln'tpiestioii.     l-'ortuiiately  a  sinall  stre;i; 
has  been  diverted  for  a  mill,  and  in  tliis  I  obtained  proltably  a  complete  series  of  tli 
tishes  of  this  rei^ioii.     The  e()untry  is  still  a  lev»d  valley  with  inoiiiitaiii   raiifTes  at 
distance  on  either  side. 

Soon  aftei'  leaviii<;  Idaho  Falls  the  continental  divide  iscrossed.  The  llrst  statin 
at  which  I  made  c(dlectioiis  was  Craiy,  .Mont.,  on  the  .Mis.souri.  This  river  is  hci 
aluMit  l.">0  teet  wide,  a  clear,  cold.  rai»id  stream  with  gravel  bottom  and  full  of  ('m 
fimuis  irHlii(insiiiii  and  I'ldtiff/ithiit  niKcilis.  Fishiiif;'  was  conlined  ehietly  to  the  sloii;; 
formed  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  creek  enterinii'  from  the  eastern  side. 

.\t  Poplar  the  Mis.souri  is  a  swift,  luuildy  stream,  probably  •JtMl  yards  i)r  more  wit! 
Poplar  Kiver  is  also  miidtly  and  partakes  of  the  nature  of  the  prairi«'  streams  iic, 
Wiiinipe;;-:  that  is.  its  Itanks  are  composed  of  s(d't  mud.  it  seemed  nowhere  ovei 
feet  doe[»,  and  in  many  places  it  was  only  a  foot  deep. 


I 


« 


iihi:i  Kne 
('mIiiiiiIu,! 
Ii'«'t  <lt|'i 
lis  ililli*  iii 
Til.'    in  .- 

IllSlHOIltiiii 

tislics.     1 
ml  iiii<l  111 

t  is  a  siiKi. 

•  (llllll  liH;' 

liver  hiUik 
4liiiitiiH'«l  a 
•L*l  stivtrlii      ^ 

lava,  and 

onall  stifii; 

"^frit'j*  <>t  '1 

rau}i«*s  lit 

'  first  statii' 

■iviT  is  li«'i 

full  of  r«i 

o  the  sl«)ii;; 

orinovowiil 

stri'iiins  tif 

) where  ovii 


B  ,    !     U 


•4        Eil.ior.l. 


t  ittt  "I  I'rt'i   ila    i.(c.      iTnf*r»'ni 


I^LATl   ( 


in  81  £';■.• '  n 


or;EiiONUS   COULTERl  £;,■ 


lV    E    i;t'nrii.i(ir 


COLUMbiA    TRA^S^/:■^  r.TANA  E' 


r  '    4i  Eijtn  i-jn  n 


1.  Ai 


8.  Catoa 


M 


I'LATL   ( 


r.Xl'LOlJATloNS    IN    \V1,    II  UN    CANAUA.    I.TC. 
NOTES  ON   THK   FISHKS  COLLlvCTED. 


107 


1.  Aiiimooaefes  tiideiitatUB  ii;iiiilii''i  .  I  lil^ --iii .  i.'s  .i^.'iinl-  ilir  rivn^  ti(S|i.iwii.  Ai  l.a  (iiiiidf 
till'  (ii-mil  l»iiii(li',  II  siiiiill  sircini  .'>  i>i  li  vanN  wnle,  is  iliiiiiinil  lnr  milliiii;  |)iir|M»si'.s.  .Iiisi 
In-low  till'  ilaiM  :i  Imis;i'  uuiiilii'i-  iil  tlii>  -.|iccii'-.  wiTC  liDtii'cil  in  all  st.r^i'^  <>!'  ilrcay.  Siiipii  hail 
ivi.IiiiiIn  iIi.iI  III.' |ii-..  imIiii:;  iii^lir.  I'im'  n\  in.- .if  ilin~,  i.ik.iial  llii- i)lar.'  \m'1i'  lar;;.'.  lint 
111.'  .'u^s  w  .'I.'  1 1 II 1 1  c, -.111.1  II.  Win  ill. 1  til.'  "  .'.  U"  h  .1  -.11.1  \v  II. '.I  ami  ili.  'i.  m  v^  licllii'l'  the  -in'ri- 
III. 11-  «.  I.'  li'I'l  -I  laibl.'l.  I  am  iiUiM.'  In  >I.ili  .  \ll  ill.'  .M|i.'.'im.ii>  w.'ii'  a'l.uil  tliMl  luni.  I.ii:.,'. 
Al  (  al.lwi'll  I  s.'ciii'ril  .1  laii;.'  iimiilnl  nl  Ih.  v.iiii^  .>l  tlii>  >|i.'.ics.  I'lir  laii;.'-!  i>\'  tlii'-*' 
iiiiMsiircil  (ill  1I11II.  Ill  t  li.'ir  lialiits  till' viimn;  M'l'.N  mm  li  i.'>.'ml'l.'  Ih-dih  lim/iiiiiiiii.  Tli.'v  Itiiiinw 
111  til.   yaii.l  iH'Mi   I  III'  iiiai  liiii  i.r  1 1'''  •■tnMiii.      It   tii.\   ai.' ili>l  in  lu'.i   lli.'v    «  ill  .  ...nr  oiil   ..|'  ili.' 

.■•ami  a    i.'w  .I'lit  iin.M.'r-i   limii   ili.'  (il. t' ili>i  iii'liam.'.      TiU'  Hinall  inirs  wcir  |ii.i -iiri'il    liy 

iliiow  iiiLj  III.'  >aii.l  .III  I  li.'  liaiiK-.  \vli.'r.'ii|Hiii  tlir\   woiiM  si|iijrm  ..iit  ami  .nil  1.1  l.c  s.'cur.'.l. 

2.  Aciuc'liHi,!  stuiio  l.iiina'iis.      Tin- --i. .■;.'-  i<  rniiiimia  ai   Uiiiiil|ii'n  ainl    in    ili.'   lak.--   l.illii'    ii.iilli. 

I  |ir.i.  iiii'.l  a  >iii!;l.'  >|i.'.iiii.'ii  !>ii  miii    Inim.      Il   lia-  tin'  npin'i'  ])art  ..I'  tlic  - t   lil.i.  U.  a  lila.'k 

sp.il  nn  till'  siil.'-i  all. HI'  til.'  |i.i-l.riMr  tliil'.l  nl  i.iil.iials.  ami  .unit  In  i  licl.iw  tin  il.n-al:  a 
iiarrmv.'!  .Iiisky  I'.iinl  .onmrl-   llir-r  ami  .'\trinl-  tc  llii'  tip  of  tlic  tall. 

3.  Notiu  lis  flavus    lv,iliii.'>.|in'.     .V  iiiiiuli.'r  nl    .spc.  innnt  nf  ilii~  sp.'rit'-i  i  l."iii  tn  J.'.n  niiii.  Inii;^    wiic 

nlil.iiii.'.l  witli  lin.ik  ami  line  at  iii-^lil  in  tli.'  Mi.-s.iiiii  li'ivir  .ii  (  r.ii:;.  Mmit.  i'liis  si'.'ins 
tn  11.'  till'  iiinst  wrstriii  re. '.nil  tni'  ally  iin'inlici'.'*  .it  till'  Sihiriild.  Tli.'y  wiic  r.'|iinii'.l  in  int'  at 
Mi'ilii  iiK'  Mat.  lint  I  did  nut  pro  iiir  any  .^p.  riimii- at  that  ida.i'.  I'l.il'.  I'.\ .  rinanii  vrpnits 
iioiii'  in  his  cxplnratiniis  in  Montana  and  Wyniiiiiij;.  It  has  liitlirrtn  Itriii  -nppiwcd  that  tin- 
iih'IiiIm  r.s  of  '111-*  lainily  i\i<  lint  asicinl  t..  thf  inniintaiii'-.  N.nii'  havr  In'.n  fnuiid  imlijrcn.ni-'  to 
thr  I'a.  ilii'  -Inpc.  In  ilir  lari;i'i'  wpi'rinit'ii-i  III.'  t  w  n  iiiaMllaiy  Uarlifls  rcnh  the  lia>i' .il  the 
pci  (oi'iiks.  Tlicrf  i>  nnil.irnily  a  white  spot  nn  th.'  l.a.  k  Jii-t  .it  tin'  Lasc  nl'  and  li.liin.l  t  lu' 
last  (loi.s.il  ray. 

4.  Ictaluiiis  puuctatiiB  H;iliiii'si|m'.     Winiiipi';^.     lON.i't'diiiulx  alnimlant    in  th.'  K'l'.l  Iiimt,  wlni.'  it 

IS  caiifilit    in  ;;r('at   nnnilu'rs,  csprcially   al    nij;lil.      It    l'n'i|nriitly  I'cat'ht'.s  a    It'ii^tli   of  almnt 
750  iiiin.     It  wa.-i  r.'p.irtrd  t.>  nic  at  I'l'iindnii,  hiit  it  .an  n.it    hv  aliiind.int   at  that  pl.-i.-c.  siriri' 
SSt         iii>iii'  wcir  ha  ill  to  have  liccn  ranjilit  tlicri'  si  me  ISSI!.     .\  .atti^li  was  also  .a  I  led  t.i  my  al  tent  inn 
at  Me. Heine  Hat.  lint  I'mni  the  dcsei'i|ilio     it  ninst  h.'  a  .V.W/kik. 

5.  Ictiobiis  cypiiiiella  U'livii  T  A  \'aleiK'ieiiiiosi.     Winnipe;;.      Tw.i  speiiimii-.  th.'   lar;.'.'--t  7(10  nun. 

6.  Carpiodes   velifer    i  liiiliiiesiinei.     Winiupei;.   Hiaml.di,   M.-.tiiiiie    Hat.   I'nplar.     I    (.iii  detect   no 

dilieremi's  lietweeii  the  spe.'iineiis  iVnin  W'iiiiiip.'L;  and  sniii.'  taken  in  the  i  thin  l>'i\t'i'  .it 
( 'im'iniiati. 

7.  Paiitosteiis  joidani  Kvennann. 

(/^(H^l^/('(n*  i'(i/"»i/ii(/i/i(.'*  l'.i'.;eninaiin  i\   l''.iuenin.'itin,  .\in.  Nat.,  I'"eli.,  !?<!•:!.> 

Tlllee  spe.inu'ns.  !l'J  In  lnd  nun.  Iniiu.  l!..!-.'  I.'i^er.  (al.lxvell.  Or.';;.  \ei".  .i.mely  lelated 
to  l'.ii<iiir(ixiis,  ill.' lye  slightly  lari^i'i.  t  he  .amlal  iiimli  Iniiiier.  Ilea. I,  li-l'^::  depth.  l*-."i; 
H.  II.  IH-ll'.t  in  twoi;  A.  I.  NA  i7i  in  ./(»(»•>..> h.si.  S.ales,  III  to  IH-si)  t.i  lno-l."..  Ky,.,  li-n  j,, 
siiniii.  1-1'!  in  int.'i'nrliilal,  ll-J  tn  little  iii.n.'  than  I  in  liea.l  ( LM  :  l! ; :  II  in  iicuiidskh  ui'  sain.' 
si/1'  1.  .Ml  till'  Iil  IS  I  nn  11!  pninieil  thin  in  ;i<  iii  id -/('•.  I  he  .  amlal  Inlies  i  oiisid.  r,ilil\  Iniij^ei  t  h.iii 
the  head  slinrt.  T  than  liea.l  in  in  lu  nisim  \  :!;-!  i  in  th.'  l.'n;:tli  i. ")-.">■  i.  I.iulii  lirnw  ii  with  in.lis- 
t  in.'t  .  Inmis  oC  darker. 

8.  Catostoimis    catostomu.'s  il'nrsier..      Wiiinijien.  ,"'<wit'i    Ciui.nt.   Medieine    llai,  Calvary,    li.iiiii. 

(nilil.'ii.  ami  Kev  elstnke.  Asremls  •<!  i.'.iins  tn  s|i.i  w  n.  I-  -aid  tn  li.'  \  ery  ,'iliiiiidalil  at  \\  inliipei; 
diuin;.;  th.'  winl.f.  »>nl\  a  siii;;l.'  >peiiiiieii.  llie  lir-t  nt'tli.'  ^.'ason.  w.-,s  lakeii  .liiiiiii;  my 
stay.  As  will  h.'  s.'eii  rrnlii  tlieal>n\«'  lo.alilies,  th.'  spc.  ies  >  Nt.'iids  aei'.iss  the  K'.i.ki.s.  .\ 
spt'.iim  II  nf ', W().s/(ii(i((.s 'J'.KI  nun.  Iniij;.  11.1111  (i.ildeii.  .Ill  til.  I'nlilliiliia  K'iv.i'.  .Iil'lei".  in  oiil\  a 
lew  niiiinr  .lelails  trnm  a  spiciini'ii  .d'  I  'iilnKhimiis  t  iiloshimns  n|'  alinill  the  s.iim'  si/i'.  ill.'  nrii;iii 
nl  w  liiih  is  lint  known.  .\  seri.'s  nl  lai'.;.'!'  sp.'cini.iis  will  prnliaUly  -li.uv  |ii'it.'.  I  iiil.'i'L;i-.'i.la 
tinil.  Ill  ihe' t  iniilen  spi'.iin.'ii  I  he  .'Ve  is  liinl.'  .iiitelini  than  ill  til.'  ntlier:  ami  tlii-  fealiiro 
I'liaiiit's  all  111.'  pi'np.irl  inns  .pI' the  head.  I'll.' si/.' nl' the  eye  is  the  same  ill  lintli;  iii  III  t!ie 
length  nl' the  h. 'ad.  L' ill  till'  poslniiiilal  pnitinii  ill  111.'  iJ.il.l.n  •^p.'.'imeii  i  JA-li  in  the  .ithei'i, 
almnt   '2^    in   the   sn.iiil    i!!;i:  iniildl.'  nl'   head    In  liiml  aulerioi    niaruin  ol'  piipi!    .at   anteiior 


I 


108 


lU'M.KlIN    OF    TIIK    irNIlKI*    STATUS    IISII    COMMISSION. 


liiiirL;iii  of  I'.V'i :  tli'|illi  III   lu'inl  L;rtMi.T  lliiiii  li'iii^tli  nf  si I  |iliii  ryi-  i(lc|>lli  oT  lirail  less  ||i 

Hlliilll     pill-    cvci;     s.mIcs    III'    lilfil-t    tdixlllr.   illllMclilill     loruillil    isrlllcS    iit'    lilill-t      li'y;ll  lil  I  i 

iiiiluH'.iii- 1.  ii'ii    iinlii'ililiil  i;  iiiMi'^iii- (»r  loun  liiii  nil  well   niiiiiclnl,  :ill  ol   llifin  slimin  il,  , 

ill  typiril   riiliisliimil'  iin;iri;ill«  iil'  I'lWiT  lilis   ;i)l  liioii'  illUlli.ir.  xilllr  nl'   tin'    ray--    lirilli;  loll- 
tiKIII  ollicrsi.       |)jst:iliri'  III"  ll"l  "l'sii|iirrili:il\  llill<iill>  cum  1  iVdlll  lr.lll-'.iT-.i-  iiiii  li.'il  (Midi  t  " 
;is   ;;ic,il    ;|s   ill    I  lio    typiiiil    foriii,      Siiili    iliniTi'iKi'-.  wnllhl  111'  nillsiili'l  I'll  nl' II')  \  ,i  I  lie  lar  |i  ii 
jiosi's  III' chissilicil  inn  in  -.iii'iniii-ii-  I'l-Kiii  ill''  >;iiiii'  rixir  ->  stciii.  :iiiiliiiil<'i'il    I    miii    nut   iiMi    i 
liliil  aiiv   tiiii'^ililr   ililti'iriii  rs    liilwirn  >pi'riiiii'n>  lim  iiiin.    Iiiiii;  ri'iiiii  the  ( 'nliiiiiliia  al  I>i'\' 
sInUr  ami  tlic  linu  :il  (aluarv  iir  liic  S  i\  i  11    (iiriciit.      I'lii'    hniiiT  spt-ciliit'ii  liiis  llic  liarK  an 
Hides  i|iiili' (lark,  I'l'iiliT-i  III'  till'  .s.ilcs  inwaid  Ihe  lii'lly  wliite;  lielly  inliielv   wliiie.     A  !•  li 
dish   hand  alnii'.;'  the  lateral    line.      I'lie  yiiinm   iVoiii  all   Imalities  air   hiiiltlcil  j;ia\ . 

9.  Catostoimis  grisoiis   ^  <iii:iril  i.     Swil'l    t'lurenl.    Meiliiiin'    Hat,   (ijii^.      Oiir   spi-iiinrii,    llli  inii 

liiii;i,  was  taken  at  S'.vilt  (iiriiiil.  (andal  as  Iihil;'  as  head,  I'  in  the  length,  h.  ll.  I'l 
Sides  til  veiilral  si  ill  a  re  il,i  fk  uiav  isli.  vai  iiiii>ly  iiMdlleil.  I.nwer  sill  laces,  w  hiir.  A  nniii  ' 
of  spi'c  iiiK  lis  Will-  taken  a!  Med  Icille  Hal,  the  lali;esl  111)  nini.  hillU'.  These  smaller  Sjieijin.  II 
can  readily  he  disl  iii;;ui>liiil  In  mi  t '.  iiihislniniin  i>t'  the  .same  si/ e  liy  i  heir  iiiiieh  larger  iik  in  iL 
whleli  M'ly  iiineli  reseinl.le-.  that  nt'  I'lnildsttn.i.  The  jjixvs  are  jnovided  with  liiniiy  or  laii 
lauiniiiH  sheaths,  making;  tin'  lesmililanee  In  I'liiiliislim  still  ;;re,ilel'. 

10.  Catostomiis   macrocheilus  (iiranl.      siiamniis,  Kanilniips.  rnialilla.  La  liiaiide,  (  aldwell,  :i;i 

Malm  I'alis.  I  s.iw  a  speeies  nl'  this  j;enii-  in  linriin  I, .ike.  lint  was  iiii.ihle  to  secure  it.  I 
all  piidialiility  it  "as  i'.  iiiiiiiiiilifilii.i,  since  this  species  was  (dilaiiied  a  lew  miles  laither  wi  ~' 

at  the  nil  111  III  1)1'  the  I  111  I  let  I'l'  this  hike.      The  lai;[j;cst  s| i n  was  oht.iiiied  at  I, a  (iiande.ji 

ineasiiieil  :i.s:il  mm.  It  is  i|nitc  dark  to  lielnw  the  laleial  line,  win-re,  rniiii  .-i  line  t'rinii  jn. 
ahiive  the  upper  lip  Id  till-  hi"  er  part  111'  the  raii'lal.  tin-  ciiloi-  alinipl  l\  clianni-s  ti)  white.  I ! 
pectorals.  Vent  laN,  iiinl  part  nl'  the  anal  are  dusky,  and  .i  ilii-k\  liar  extends  upward  I'l'nin  IL 
h.'isenrthc  pectmal.  Ihe  hic.il  \.iriatii)ii  in  dnrsal  rays  is  well  niarked.  .Vsido  t'rnin  the  |h 
nndivided  ravs  at  the  l)ei;i;iiiiim  nt'  the  lin  the  riiys  nw  as  I'ollows: 


17 


18. 


I  111- 

ilily. 

><^ 

Diir.sal 

riiys. 
II.J 

:t    . 

:il 
1     . 

l.-i* 

I'-'i 

1 

1 

:i 

mi 

tTiiijiIiliii 

fi 

1 

!.;(  ( ■  r:lllili- 

>> 

<  '-|lll\X'l-ll 

Malm  r.ills  . 



1 

3 



'I'hese  last  siiecimcns  .-ipprnach  Ck  I  on  I  a  mux  miliiis. 

11.  Cato.stomiis  conimersoni  i  laici  pcde  ■.      \Vinni|ieL;,  West  linnnie.  (jin'Appelle,  Iv'enina,  Mnnse  .l:i 

Swit''  ( 'iirienl.   Maple  Creek.    Medicine    ll.-il.   ('.iliiary,    I'nplar,      \'eiy  ahiiiid.-int   ever\  w  Ic 

Scales,  ."i.")-!;:!. 

12.  Moxostonia  aureoluni  -,  l.c  .•siieiir  .     W'liinipc.;,  W'esi  Imni  ne.  Iirandnii.  I'lijilar.     l.owcr  lins.  n 

especially  Ihe  caudal,  n  d.      I'.  II;,  in  lii-.     ."-iieciini-ns  L'Hi  niiii..  t'lnm  Winnipeg;',  have  the  !h 
">  ill  I  he  length. 

13.  Moxostoma  ani.siinim  i;  ilinesiinc.     Winnipeg-,   r>rinilnn.       I'liis  species  is  much  los  alinini 

;il   Winnipeg;  I  han  I  he  preceilin'^.     The   -pci  iineiis  mcisnic  I'rniii  !Hi  tn  L'S."»  mm.     Head,  ll'ii 
1 1.  II)',  iir  I7(.  cniintiniv  ■ill  tin-  ray-,    .\.  ,'-^', .      I'ppi  r  ciiulal  In  he  Iil  tie  lime  i-r  than  lower  ii: 
lai-eest    s|)i-i-inieli.     The    lar:;i  s|    speciniell    dilieis  little    rrnin   nne    oUt.iined    at  'I'nlcdn.  i 'i 
Scales,  li-)!lt  In  ll'-i').     Cnlnr  liuliter  than  in  the  preceiline  specie-,  nn  reil  on  the  Illis. 

14.  Hybogiiathus  placita  'iiranl.      Vlmndanl  ,-il  rnjilir,  Iml  not  seen  elsewhere. 

15.  Acroclieihis  alutacfiiis  Agassi/ vV   I'ickcrin;,'.      Iniatilla.  Caldwell. 

16.  Pimephales    promelas    i;aiiiiesi|ne,       Wiiinipc,;.    Wesilionrne,    r>ranili)n.    1,111'. \p|)elle,    Ii'i-l:' 

Swilt   ('nrreiii.   .Maple   ('n-ek.   Meilii-inc   Hat.      \'ery  alnindani   everywhere,  especially  -' 
lii-uiiia  and  Swill  Cnrieiil  ;  le.isl  so  at  i,iir.\|)i)(!lh;. 


*A    l;l| 

that  till 


K.\i'i.oi;ATi(tN>  IN  \vi;sti;k.n  (  anada,  ktc 


loy 


il  li'SH  til    : 
ri'y;iilill  '• 
icii'd  r  til  i< 
•iiil;  Imij 
•:iii:il  I  " 
111'  lor  |i  II 
not   iilijc-   1. 
ill  al   l.'i'v. 
Ill'  liilrU  ;i!i 
ijlc.      A  |.,! 
r:i\ . 

'II,  I  Di  lull 
|l.  II.  I" 
A   IllllirM 

•I  s)ii'rini'  II 
ii'm'i'  iiiDiiil 
niy  oi-  i-Mii 

.il.lw.'ll.  ;i;,. 
'Clin'   it.     I 

l.-lltlhTW.  -■ 

I  (Iraiidc.  H 

lie  friiiii   ::i- 

white.      I 

'.'ii'il  rrmii  iL 

t'lcHIl   till'   t" 


M,   Miiiisc  .1:1' 
t    I'Vcl'V  wii' ; 

OWl'V   lilis.   ,i 
lia\r  till'  111 

||'-;S     ,'lllllllli 

llcMil.  :'>;  i< 
II  iiiwi-r  il 
Toli'ild,  «'! 
liiis. 


pi'll.',      I.'r-i 

.IH'iiiiUy  ^" 


17    Nfjtropis  joidani  l-uriiiiiaiiii  A   I j^'imihmiiii. 

ynon/iii-  iilhiiilii-  I..  A    1...  .\iii.  Nat.,  I'rl".,  \'*'.yi:  iiiil  .\.  (i/'i/"/(/«  .liiiilaii      \.  iininilopt. 

\  >iii'jl'-  -4111  liiiii'ii,  Tii  mill.  Iiiii'i,   iil'l  liiMil  ;il   Mciiii  iiir  Hat.       riii'»  spt-i  kh    is    imunI  cln.m'ly 

II  lalicj  to  \'.  iiKiiiiliihis  ami  N.  Iiiliniilini,  in  riiliir  it  ililli'l's  .■~I  iikiii:;i,v  liniii  llir  lattiT,  ajiri'i'- 
iiu  in  llii'  ii'S|MMt  Willi  nut' III 'iiiH.  I'si'i'ii*  that  il  lir\>  a  cainlal  -imt  ami  i>  li'-s  |iiiiriisi|y 
-i|i  >l  ii'il.  I'.'ii'  l.iliM.il  1 1 11 1  11  111  ii'i  li'>S  iiiiiplit"  til  ri  il  If'i  r  ill  ;ii\.  an  I  ln-ttrrili'V  rli>lii'il  111. ill 
ill    iiiiir„l,il„,.      Ilc.i.i.    I:    i|i|illi.  1    ;    l».  |i    ;    A.  >    :   s.alo,   I-.;.'.-!  :    l.-i  >ialr-i  hi'l'iiii-  till'  ilni's.il; 

III  til,  I  1,1.-'.  IvMi  ill'  llir  II- 'I  II  iiililv  li.inki  il,  I  111- I  u  1.  iitl'is  w  iili  11,11  low  im|i>i  It'll  HI  iinl- 
iiiy  -111  I  Ian  •  .  Till'  tii'l  II  on  till'  11'.:  lit  siilc  .ni- 1'\  iilnii  iy  aliiiniiiial.  In  iiii;  .ii  raimi'il  in  tliiri'  inw  -. 
|-'.liiiii.!:itr  I  iiiii|iri'ss('il,  imiir  >li'  iili'i'  llian  ln-li  rnli  ihk.  Ilrail  iiiiiili  as  in  In  limli  jiin,  Irss  rmiv  i'.\ 
aliiivi'.  .laws  <'i|ii,il:  miiiitli  iilili<{iii' .  t  lir  |>i<'iiiaMliai  \  nil  tin'  Ir^i-I  or  lnwi  r  iiiaruin  nt'llie 
|iii|>il.  .Maxillary  rNtiinlini:  tn  anli'iim'  niar'.:iii  nl'  mliit.  .'snout  |>iiiiiii'i|,  not  ilcriirviil. 
I\vi>  o'l  in  lir.'iil.  \\  in  iiili'i  m  liilal.  I'iii.s  all  small :  i>ri;;iii  nl'  the  ilinsal  ii\  ir  \  I'litial,  rijiiiilis- 
laiit  lioiii  li:i~i' lit' iiiiililli' laiiilai  lav  ^  ami  iiai'i  s.  |ii^|ii'>l  ra\  I'Nii'iiiliii;;  :i  littli- past  I'liil  nl' tlio 
l.i~l  I  .i\  «  Inn  I  111'  till  il  ili'|>iiss,.(|.  i'i|ii;i|  In  I  nail  lis>  snoiil  :  anal  similar  In  ilnlsal,  its  liiL;lii'sf, 
ia\  ri|il.il  III  ■•limit  .iml  i'\i':  vi'iili.il  i'|ii:il  to  liii^liisl  .'ilial  la\  ;  |ii'i'torills  Inliiji'r,  ri|ilal  In  lirail 
li'ss  n|M'l  ill'.  S'  all's  I'lnsrlv  ilii  liriu.l  I  I'll .  till'  I  \|insi'il  i'il;;i'S  Hllli-  lli^clirr  lll.lll  Innj;.  I.atiial 
lilir  ilci  lir\  III.  till'  I II  111  s  ili'\  i'ln|ii-.|  nil  li'ss  lliail  !0  sia 'is  i  sollir  I  if  I  linsi'  ill'  I  In-  mil  111  It'  nl'  till' 
linily  ,111  ii'iiioMil  ).  (ii'iiri.il  rnlni  -ihi'iy.tin  ilisfiiirt  liiaikiim.-.  Nilitr.il  siiilari)  riitiii'ly 
vvliitn.  a  |i|iiiiilii'ims  lalrral  lianil  ovrrlaiil  with  silvrrs.  A  I'ark  \i'rti'hral  liiii'  t'rniii  nrripnt 
111  ramlal.  .'siili'N  with  a  I'l-w  ilark  specks,  liiir-al  Hiirl'iici'  iiiori'  ili-nscly  spcckcil,  the  iiiar^riiis 
nl'  III!'  scales  il.'ii  ki  r, 

18.  Notropisheterolepis  Kijienmaiin  A-  Ilijii'iiiiiann,     .\  spccinii'ii,  :!.'>  nun.  Inuu.  taken  at  (I'lrApjielle. 

riiis  sjiecies  is  fviilently  clnst'iy  rel.itel  tn  .V.  hiliriiiliiii.  .V.  iiiioiieiiiii,t'lf.  It  ilili'erM  I'loiii  them 
strikiii^tly  in  liaviny'  tiiliis  ijivelnpi'il  in  Imt  mic  m-  twn  sr,'ili'.>i  of  the  lateral  lino,  while  all 
till'  scalc^alim;.;  t  he  lateral  line  nil  niii' side  and  all  Imt  niie  or  two  nil  I  he  nl  her  aredei'jdy  nntrheil 
nil  lliiii  pnsleiinr  iiiar^iiis.  Head.  I;  di']ilh,  l{:  li,!tA;  Hc,i|e8.  ."i-;!,">-l ;  15  scales  in  Irniit  of 
ilnlsal.  I'ei'lh  fei'hli',  1-1  ;  erilldiii;;  him  lace  well  di'Velopeil  nil  three  teeth.  Head  siiliconical, 
little  cnmpri'ssid,  the  siinnt  rimniled,  little  nlitiise;  the  lower  Jaw  included.  Month  littlo 
idilii|ni'.  the  ]treiiiaxillary  luinw  the  |c\cl  of  the  Inwer  niari;in  nt'  pupil.  Maxillary  almost 
reai'hiiij;  e.\  c.  ilye  larije.  I  in  smnit,  :>=  in  head,  li,  in  inteiorldtal.  |)ol'sal  inserted  i'i|Ui(lis- 
laiit  Iroiii  liase  nl'  iijipur  caudal  rays  and  antcrioi  niar;;iii  of  eye,  liehind  tin)  last  ray  ot'  tlio 
\eiitrals.  Tips  of  the  lirst  rays  much  piniectiiii;'  heyonil  tips  of  last  when  depressed,  the 
lonjii'St  ray  alioiit  ci|iial  tn  head  less  snniit.  .\iril  similar  tn  dnrsal,  the  Innjjest  ray  aliont  1^ 
in  head  ;  viiitials  reach  iiiij  vent,  eipial  tn  highest  anal  ray  ;  peel  ma  Is  i'i|iial  to  leny;th  of  head 
less  ii]>ercli's.  Scales  Ino.sely  iniliiica  I  cd.  almost  inilieddeil  in  front  of  the  dorsal.  Scales  along 
the  median  line  il.iter.il  line)  with  a  deep  iinteli  near  the  miditle  of  the  jinsterior  margins, 
the  line  nearly  straii;;ht.  A  few  Mack  specks  alnn;^  liase  of  anal;  a  dark  lino  aloii^'  lower 
iiiarf^in  of  tail  frnai  anal  tn  caudal.  .\  dark  hand  from  tip  of  .snout  aloii^  the  sides  tu  the 
caudal ;  on  the  tail  the  liand^iniiieides  in  position  with  the  .scales  ot'  the  lateral  line.  <  hi  tiie 
liody  it  is  jdacitd  .'l  little  higher.  A  cnns]iii'iiniis  Idack  ciir\eil  line  at  the  base  of  each  scile  of 
the  lateral  line.  ,\ll  the  scales  alii)\e  tin-  lateral  hand  doited  with  Idack.  .V  narrow  vertehral 
line  I'riiiii  111  cipiit  to  dorsal,  a  liioad  diisky  hand  nii  tin  hack  hetweeii  the  dorsal  and  caudal, 
hetween  which  and  the  lateral  hand  is  a  li'^hter  h  iiid.  Scales  of  the  hack  with  dark  maruins. 
Series  of  minute  lil.ick  dots  alnii.:  each  ray  of  the  dorsal,  anal,  and  miter  pnrtinn  of  pectoral ; 
the  dnrsal  .'ind  caudal  i|iiile  diisky. 

19.  Notiopi.s  (MiimiUis  '  reticulatus  I'.ineiiiii.iiin  A  I'.iireiimann.      lirandnii,  (^ii'.Vppellc.     Tliisspeciea 

is  closely  ri'laled  In  .V.  sjii  rl  ni  iiiillitx.  I'vililix'ii,  II  il  ill  Hi,  ailil  lojulil.  and  lll,'»\  prnve  identical 
with  oiH'iiiihe  nlher.  It  a])prnaches  ncircst  .\.  jri  Ininin  .iiid  /h/k/.k,  I'lniii  the  fniiiier  it 
ilitVers  cliii'll\  ill  I  he  larger  scales  in  fi mit  of  the  dnrsal.  and  fmin  the  latter  in  t  he  ii. iked  liieast. 
Ilcail.  I;  depth,  l-l':  1 1.  !l ;,  nr  HI  i  l  nr  ll.  SA  i ;  A.  !i.t  (".  "^  '  =  scales.  I  i.r  .'"i-l!  l-li  or  I  ;  1:.'-14 
scales  in  linn  I  of  the  dorsal ;  teetli,  t-l.  honkeil.  with  evident  ;;rindine  sinfaie.  Head  pointed, 
liroad  ahnve  aiid  >liirhtly  convex.  Snoiir  deeiirved.  )iniiited.  the  Inwer  jaw  inclinled.  Mniitli 
oliliiine,  the   preiii.ivill.iiy  nil  ,1  level  w  ilh  tile  lower  mai'ein  of  the  pupil  or  somewhat   lower. 

*.\  lar:;i'r  .si-i'ii's  nt  sjifi'iiiiriis  iiillcii.il  li»  Mr.   \.  ,t     U'lin'iiini  in  llic  lit';iihv.ili  rs  nl'  the  licil    Hi\  cr  iii.iUi- i|   priiliuljle 
that  tills  s|i<'i'ii'.s  i.s  .V.  tielii-iiiiiit. 


1 


Ml 
II II 
II 
In 

•  lii 
.l» 

lol 

•'M 

ml 

I'r 

•  •\ 
nil 
niii 


llO  i;rLij;TiN  of   tiii;  lmii:i)  stati;s  ilsii  commission. 

.MllTilllMV    n;irliilii;    ll.illl    iiloiliil.      I'.V"     l:il';>'.    i  ..ii^iilcl  :ll)I.V  loTl!.'''!-    tllilll    siK.llf,    It   ill    ||.   i.  (0,   Rhilll 

filiMliT  tli;ill  illl'|-.'|liil:il.      (  iii._rin  Ml'  (li.rs:il  MV.T  \.|i!iiils,  niiliilisliiiit    lliiiii  tip  <il'  siiniil      i,  ,,, 

11(1111    l-i-c    cij     ll|i|i<|-    (,iilii:il     IM,\-:    |iilm.>l    l:i\     >r;iriii,\     i\lfll<lin«    liiynllcl    tip    111'   lilMl    U     .  li, 

ilepn.sxil.     Aii:il    liiu.Ilh    liiiuiil    r:iy   ii.H    iMiiidiim    p,i-l    tip  ol'  l:i^t    i;i\     wlini    llir   lii,  j,, 

.Icpn'-scil.  -iiMil  lusiinill   .iImI  iw.       \i'l'ir:iU  n;|.ililll,'    villi,  sjiulitly   jiiimcl-    lllilll   Ihr    ili;;..  (   , 

ilinl  l;l\  .       l'ii'tiir:iU  lillii-  InlimT  tli:lll  Ili'Mil  li'Si  npiTclr.      ScmIc.-.  fliiscly  illllil  Ir.lliil,  lIliTNpi.  3Q,    AuOKl 

iii;;i>  (  MiisiiliTMliU  ilii|ii'r  iliMii  Ii'Iil;  ill  III''  l.iiiti-st  spiTiinciis.     Liiti'iiil  liiii-  li.nirM'il,  .,,     27.  Ayosi 
iililf.      l!r.M-t    iiiiKnl     -imIimI   ill    Whi/nhii'.     A  il;irli   >.tri:iU  I'liiiii   iiii:il  In  r;iml.'il,  low  ir  |.  .  ^ 

iitiiiTu  i*i'  l>l.iiii.  A  li.iil^  viTti'lilal  liiH-.  ii  pliiiii'ii'iiii^  liiiiiil  iildim  till-  siilcs,  ;i  fjini  spi.i 
till'  li;i>i' 111' till- lainJMl  iiliuut  u- l;iii;i'  .i-  lln'  pupil.  A  mtIi-;  nl'  nptits  iiloiii; ciirli  >iiii'  nt  : 
I II I II',  1 1  11  111'.       Ipp'-r  p.irls  ill'  ^lilr^    IIhI  till'  li.irk  pliil'iisi'ly  spiitli'il,  lllr  cilni'S  nt'  tlli'Si'iili'N  111.,' 

yix  iiiu  iIk'  "  li'ii'"  P'"''  •'  HI  iiiilMft'il  ;ippi';ii:nii'i'.  I'lii' spi'ciuii-n.s  I'rniii  •,>ir.\)t|ii'l|c  iiic  diirl 
t  liMM  I  liii-i'  riiiiii  l!r:iiiiliiii. 

20.  Notiopis  deliciosu.s  d  ilr.iiil '.      I'lin'.'  >pi'i'lnii'iis  „['  tlii-*  spnii-s  wni"  tMkoii  .it  Wliinipctr. 

21.  Notropi.s  megalops  i  l.'.iliih'-'iiii'  .     A    ihiuiImi-  ui'   .spi'iiiiii'ii'*   itf   iliis  .spi'tic*    wcii'   (ililMiiii'il 

Iti'.'iinioii.     Nmio  wi'Ti'  M  I'll  I'lsi'w  hill'. 

22.  Notiopis  scopifeing  i;;'.ii"iiii:inii  .V   I'.i'^i'iiin.iiin.      Tlii^ -ipt-rii-.s   i.s  cviili'iitly  dnst'ly  rclaicii  In 

hn  indiis,  1111111  uiilcli  ll  ilill'i'l's  ill  till'  si'.iliii:^  Mini  ill  llM\  iiii{  :i  rnlispiciioil-.  ji'1-lilili  k  Hpiit  :il"i 
•IS    l.ii'ni' ,i>  I  111'    pupil  :il  till'    li:i-i'  ill'  tlh'    iMiliLiI    tin.      N'lliiiol'olis   spccjliicii-'.  w  I'li'  iilit.'iilii'.i 
Wimiipi'!.;-,  I'liiiiiilnn,  I'm  t ',»ir.Vppi'lli'.  Mii'l   .\[i'ilii'iiit!   II;it.     Till' sprcirs   is   iiio--t  iihiindiiiii 
I'liil  i^ii'.Vppi'lli'    'vlirri-  till-  liii'ui'-^t  -pr.imi'HS  I  112  mill. )  wcri'  olil.iiiicil.      I  Iciid.  I- 1 5  ( Ion  !;!•-; 
voHiiiii;  (Irplli,  !{:   I'.  1'^ :  A.  Ii'l  illn-  lir-l  twn  r.iys  iiiiiiutr,  iiiiscy;iiiciilt'd.  .'iiiil  iiiitiniiii'ln  . 
si'i'lt's.  (i-;!ii  til  \'J-l:   II  to  I'"*   ■si'iili's  ill    rroiif  of  till'  doisiil;  ti'i'tli.  2.  1-1,2;  <j;riiiiliiiu-  siiiii 
vcr\    iiMiriiw.   nil   two   ii'i'tli.     I  iiiiipri'-i-i'd   rnsirm  in,   tlic  dnrsal   iiiid   vi'iiiriil   oiilliiii's  ,i  .^     28.  Agosi, 
t'ljiially   .'inliiil ;    liii;lii'st   point   ol'  liack  at   lii'^t  dorsal    r.iy.     I'lcid   lii'avy,   coiiipiisx-ij,   r  Ini 

alioxr;  snout  lilnni,  iinuli  iliiiirvcd.  .Month  sni.ill,  lii  tli'  oliliiinc;  tin'  ]iii'iiia\illai'y  Ini. 
till' livi'l  111'  till'  liivM'i' margin  nl'  tin'  jnipil:  inasill.iry  I'Xti'iidiiiL;  to  anli-rior  in.'ii'i;iii  of  i 
Kyi-  lar^i'.  !oni;t'r  ilian  snout.  :!  in  In'ad,  littlr  li'--s  than  iiitrrorliital  width.  Origin  of  d^r- 
ahoiit  t'i|iiidi-t;iiit  I'voiii  lip  of  snout  and  lia.-i'  of  caudal;  the  hiiiJicst  ray  rxtciidinj;-  niii 
lii-yoiid  tip  of  last  w  lii'ii  tlii'  tin  is  diprcssi'd.  i'i|ii.il  lo  the  Imntli  of  tin'  head  ;  c.'iiidal  tlii'|i 
forkrd,  thi'  lolii's  I'lpial.  lonuir  than  lii'.nl.  .\iial  siinilai'  lo  dorsal,  liiit  iiiiirh  lowci',  ! 
hiyhi'st  I'.iy  a  I  mi  it  I'lpial  to  lin'  lii'nd  lis-;  tin'  snout ;  vi-nlials  lii'lmv  thr  (lor.-ial.  reach  in  jj  \  r; 
])ecliirals  alioiil  ('i|ual  to  the  hi'^hi'^t  an.il  riy.  Scales  clnscly  iiiiliricated,  loit  not  iiolii 
deeper  than  loii','.  Laieral  line  eoinplete,  and  each  scale  with  a  well-developed  tiihe.  T 
line  i'M'IiIn  and  neiitlv  diciirved  to  almve  origin  of  anal.  .Ml  .speciiiieiis,  I'roiii  the  snial;' 
'alioiil  L'."iiiiin.  lolii;  I  to  the  larucst,  have  a  eolispicuons  lilack  spot  at  iht;  liase  of  Ihe  iiiiil 
caudal  rays,  a  silvery  lateral  liiiiil,  its  dorsal  ni.irj;iii  disf inel,  its  lower  iii;ir;;'iii  not  disliii 
Ciilor  iitlii  rui'-e  varialile;  tlm^e  I'roni  iniiddy  water  (licd  Ix'iver  at  \Viiini]i<',tj)  are  Inii. 
sihery  wiih  viiy  little  ilnsk\.  the  ihroniatophores  heillu;  not  less  iiniiierons,  Imt  contrail' 
riie  other  exlri'Uie  is  fouiiil  in  ihe  clear  w.i ter  of  tho  </ii'Aiipelle.  Ill  these  speeiinens  111' 
is  a  eolispicuons  vcrrelir.il  Uainl.  and  all  the  scales  .iliove  the  lateral  line  arc  most  profn-' 
dotted  wilh  lilaiK',  the  dots  In  in:,;-  l,iii;cstat  the  niari;ins  of  the  scales.  Top  of  licid  and  ii|i  29.  Hybo 
pal  Is  of  its  lilies  >,iinilail\  dot  ted.      I  'ni'sal.  caudal,  and  npinr  parl.s  of  )ieilorals  dusky.     Sp'  i" 

nil  lis  fiMiii  Little    Truvcisi'   \\:i\ ,  Lake   .Miihi'jan.  sii'in   tn  icpieseiit   a   variety  of  the  spM    30.  Cones 
aliovc   di'scrilied  ;   the  siioni    is    more    slender,    the    eye    pcrcepi  ilily    smaller,   and    the    c.'iii  II 

|iediiiicle  iiiore  slender.      Thr  dillireiii  e  is  iiiiiii'  inarked  in   yoiiiii;  e\;iiiipli.'K,  the   t'orni  In 
iiiiii'li  more  slender  than  in  Kfiiiii'erii^  and  I  he  cindal  spot  notaldy  smaller,  " 

23.  Notropi.s  jejunns  i  roi'ties  1.     This  siiicies  was  foiind  lo  lie  aliiindant  at  Winnipeg;,  liraiidon.      31.  Plat 

Medicine  I  hit.      I'he  teeth  are  i|iiile  \arialile,  lieiiiLj  in  dilferent    specjini'iis  l-l;   1,  1-1,2:,  < 

2,  1-1.2;  otherwise  there  is  little  nr  no  \  a  rial  ion.     It  is  not  nnliUcly  thai  some  of  the  sji'-'  ui| 

ili'sriilicil  as  hav  iiiM  teeth  l-l,  or  1.  1-4,  2  are  identical  with  this  species.  i 

24.  Notropis  atherinoides   >  li'alinesinie  ,     Wiiinipei;.   Medicine  Hat.  I'oplar.      The  specimens  i 

Wiiiiiipci;-  arc  sliuhtlv   dei')ier  lli.ili  thosi!  from  other  localities,  and  all   of  the   northern  sj  ft 

mens  have  ■>li-htl\    laluer  iye>  and  loiresjiondinul.v  shorlcr  slion'  '  I 

32.  Myl 

I 

33.  Ptycj 

tf 


th: 

!•"■ 

I  lev 

lip 

111  I 

ll.ll 

full 

111] 

). 

ml 
lll'l 

oil 

lii  I 


KXIM.uKA  TloNS    IN     V\  I>ri.i;N    (  ANAltA.    KTC. 


Ill 


:i  III    li'  1.  20.  RhiiiiclithyH  dulcis  « <  •iiMiil   .     >\%  ill  (  iirirni ,  mt\  .ilnnid.nit ;   Mrilicinr  I  lii.  ii-vv  ;  ( 'iiIumI'V,  I'l'W  ; 

■^iH'ill      1.  rii  lulii  i>r  fliir^iil  •■Hiinli-lMiil   IriHii   im-i  i  il  mipiI  Iiii»c  nl    iinil<ili'  riimlMl    i.i\.-.      IImiiIi.  roiiiiiiuli    ill 

I  l:i»'  \^    •  Itiiw  li'ivrr.     <  iiii' >|iii'iiiifii  li.'i-i  M'lv  iii'hIi  l.iiijir  liii-*  ili:iii  till- oilier*,  the  ]i<Ti(ir.i|  (|iiiii' riaih- 

II  'I"'  liii  iiij;    till'   .•iiijil.     Also   in   lioi    siil|iliiir   -|i;iiii;s,  I'.iuiiK  mm  >    MliiiMliiiil .     I'i>|ihii.   mi'  >|ii  tiiimu. 
ill''  liin'  '  I  r.iiu.  .iIiiiiiiImiiI. 

ilii'c\|H.  20,  AtoHJa  iiubiln  iiiir:ml\     liliilm  IVills,  .ii.Miiil.uit. 

■iii'vftl.  c  ..1  27.  At;<)Hia  filGiita  i<iu>i"""iii   A    ili'^ciniiiiiiii.     Aliiiinliiiit   in  llii-  lioNc  Iflvor  iit  ('mIiIvm-II.   Iilii1ii>; 

Iiiwcr  jir,' 
r.iiiil  .s|i(ii 

-illc    111'    I 

scMlrsl.l;,. 
li-  ;ii'('  (lull 


"I 


I  vMp  ^I'ciliiiiMis  iroiii  I  iri.'il  illii.  In  I  111  liilliiu  iim'  (lc-irii|itiiiti  till'  <liit<-iii)'iil>  mill  linmo  '^i\  en  in 
|i:iiiMiilii->.-s  n  I'lM  Id  I.  iiiihil,!.  I  |i;iil,  :i  - 1  ,  T  - 1 1 1 :  ilfjii  li,  I  •.'.[  ( I- 1  ( I ;  I  >.  ll'.iS'-ilii:  A. 
"•m7i  -'4  ,1.  S(  ilis..".;;  lio  i.'iH-dT  i  I'ciili.  I.  I-I,  Imt.'.  I'loiiLiiiti',  slnnli  r.  Iitail  1oii;;it  tlmii  lit 
niihilii,  r.v  MiU'li  Liryr  I  liiii  In  iinhiln.  ■.\\„>nt  l-  in  .■«iiiiiii,  :H-I  j  in  IumiI  in  l.iri;i'r>|i»iiiiicii-<. 
Till'  lii'iiil  lu'iiiii  liiiiiifl'  till-  |ir(>|iiii-liiinal  iiiiiiiIhts  do  not  ililVrC  I'loin  thosr  nl'  inihiln.  Si  aii's  iiinrli 
i;ii  i;ir  llriii  in  "ii/ii/d,  ritmiil  lli.'iiiiivi-  f  !n'  l.iU'r.ii  liiii-  •  1  I  \n  inihila  K  hois.il  usually  inscilril 
iliiiril;  ciMT  till' oiiy^iii  111' ;  III' \  iiilr.iN.  the  tin  1;iil:i'.  ii<  Mntrrim' ra,\  s  |iiiilonyiil.  ( iiinin  of 
ilnis;)!  i'>|iiiilislant  I'liiin  liii-^i' urniiilillr  r.iinlal  rM>  >aiiil  Irniii  naris.  I  ainhil  ili'v^ply  riirkiii,  tin- 
lo  Ill's  Mi'iiti'.  :>  to  :i '  In  I  lie  Irii'^ili.  \ii;il  \  I'lv  ol>lii|iii  lv  trniir:iii'.  till'  anti'iior  i';iys  \  ny  lii^iii, 
H-H  (."i-rii  )  in  I  111-  liiiyiii.  \  rill  r;iU  ,ilu  :i\  s  niipi'i-  |io>lt'riipr  in  |iii>iliiin  lliaii  in  /mi/k/ii,  alimit 
(■i'|ilillisi:int  riiiiii  li:i-(i  III  liiiililii-  raliiliil  l.iy--  ami  iViilil  liair*,  tlirir  tips  cxIrllilillLr  In  or  past 
iiililiili  "iT  lia^c  (p(  anal  Ij  .'i  .".-li  in  I  In- liiii;!  Ii  irailiin^  In  M'IiI  ,  very  rari'ly  to  in  i:;in  iil' anal ). 
I'l'ilciiaU  nut  fcai'liiii;;  Vriiliais.  A  ilaik  liainl  t'l  1 1' w  a  n  1  tVniii  t'.M':  liark.  lateral  lianil  Maiirly 
i'\  idi'iii  :  >ih  i'v\  lii'low  ;  sides  and  liark  with  nnineron-.  irrennlar,  'a  ell-deliiied  liloielies.  Anal 
and  siiiiietiniiM  \  eiilraN  w  illi  a  diisky  sjmi  near  Uase  in  Inint.  hoisal  and  eaiidal  laiiilly 
I'll  ill  led  :  eriinson  sih.Im  <.n  in  nidi  I  de.  axil  nf  \  enirals,  and  alnnn'  liase  of  anal.  '  I'late  li. ) 
iillines  ai"'    28.  Agosia  falcata  shiiswap  r.iecMiiiiaiin    A    l-liveiiniaiin.      Tlils   variety   seeiii.s   well    I'staldislied    liy 


Iilalned 


■elated  to 
k  spot  all' 
'  olitaine'i 
aliiindant 

I  '.  1  loll'ie^: 

iinlii'.'inelii'i: 

lllille'    Slll'l:i 


liiiir  s|ii  einii'iis  I'loni  Slinsliwap  I. .ike  at  .'sii  annuls.  !l  Is  iml  at  all  iinprnlialile,  lio\M'\er, 
tliat  Inlernradal  ions  will  lie  round.  l  lie  spei  inieiis  dilVei  iiiiisiantly  in  llic  iimre  posleiior 
pnsitioli  id'  tlie  dorsal  and  \elilrals;  ofliervN  ise  tliele  is  no  liirierenre  of  any  note.  Head, 
:S»-r,;  depth.  1-li:  1>.  llU-11.1;  .V.  !IA.  .Scales.  in-.V.-M.  I'l-elh.  1,  I-I.  1'  ill  t  wo  .s|M'ciinen.s ; 
;},  I  I,  1  in  aiioihev:  atid  2,  I-I.  li  in  the  dnii  ill.  Iliad  puliiicd.  the  siiont  se.irrcly  pi'n.ieetiiif^ 
lieynnd  the  inoiith.  l!ye  laiije.  ei|nidisl.iiit  I'li'in  lip  id'  sinnil  and  I'loin  iiiiper  aiiule  of  eill- 
iipeniiie,  the  orliil  alioiil  ei|iial  to  llin  snout,  •^■•'j  m  ''i''  lii:id.  horsal  inserted  direrlly  over 
iiii'^in  111'  veiitrals,  CI]  lidislaiit  Ci  iiiii  iiase  of  middle  eainlal  ra\s  andl'ioin  iiosterior  half  of 
eye.  Its  lil'sl  I  w  o  develiijied  Ia\  s  elongate.  I  lie  nial'uin  <il' the  lill  stiollels  loneave.  lli;;ll<'Mt 
dorsal  layecpial  In  distaili  e  iVoiii  tip  of  sliiiill  In  upper  aimle  of  opeiele.  Caildal  Imii;.  derjiLy 
fiiiki'd.  the  Inhes  liiiidy  pointed,  the  niiddle  ia.\  s  half  as  loiii;  as  tile  lolios,  at  least  as  loii^  art 
the  head.  .^1 1  inline  o  I'  anal  similar  to  that  of  dor-al.  \'eiilral.s  iiisei  led  ii|iiiilisl.'inl  lie  t  ween 
hase  of  jiiiddle  eaiidal  ra\  s  and  poslei  ier  li.ill' of  eye.  iioinled.  eMendliii;- to  iniddltMif  hase  of 
anal.  ei|ii.il  In  head  li'>s  iipei  lie.  I'eelorals  less  puinieil  than  the  other  liiis.  as  lone-  as  head 
lira  111  tie  shorter.  Liuhl  hrown  with  nnnieions  welldeli  nd  Idntches,  a  dark  hand  finiii  lip 
111'  Miiiiit  to  hase  of  eaiidal.  All  llie  liiis  w  llli  dark  )ioin',s  ahiiie-  the  rays  eolleeted  In  phiees. 
ifivitiii  the  liiis  a  faintly  inollied  appe.iraiiei'. 
lead  and  III'  29.  Hybopsis  storeriaim.s  (  Kirtl.ind  i.  A  iiiiinhei' oi  small  ^peilmeiis  ironi  \\  inniiiee  are  prnhaldy  to 
diiskv.     Si"  '"'  relerred  to  this  speeies. 

of  tliesp''    30.  Couesius  dissiinilis  •  I  iiraril  I.    \ei  y  alninilanr  at  Swift  (  iirieiit.   Medieine  Hat.  (  aleiiry.   l'o]ilar. 
111(1   the    e:iii'  The -peeinietis  iVnm   Mediriiie  ll.itaiid  lioin  I'liidar  are  ijiiili' li^hl  in  eulnr.       Tho^e  finiii  (  al- 

tlie   form   hi  tfiirv  and  Imiii  .•*«  ill  (   ii.'ii'iil    ate   d'.iikir.  llie  lateral  hand   lieiii'^  well    dellned.      .•scales  .ilonijj 

Ihe  lateral  line  '<s-{\:>. 
',  Krandoii.      31.  Plalygobio    gracili.s     i;iihaid>oii  .      (raii;.   I'l'pl.'ir,    rirandini.   Medieine   Hat.       I'hls  species  is 
•   1.  I-I.  "J:  cxlreinely  aiiiindatit  in   the  Missmiii    1,'ivi  r  at    (  raiu.  ami   In    ils  trlliiilai\.  I'oplar  Creek.     X 

e  of  lliesn''  nnnilier    \<  ere  olitaliied  with    hook    and  line    iiilhemiin    slreani  at   Cr.iiu;.  where  the   rmrent 

is  too  swift  fur  seining.      In  I  he  ~liiii::h  at  the  same  phn  e  imni'  were  seen,     (hie  was  o1  it. lined 
siiecimcns  h  "'   ricnidnn,  and    I  w.is  tidd  thai  it    is  ahniidant  at  tli.it   place.     'I'lieir   projectiiin-   snout  .ind 

northern  •")■  frosnd  silvery  cnlm    make   them  a    slilkinn  species.     The  larj;est  ohtaincd  measures  L'O  inin. 

riiere  is  a  dusky  verlelnal  hand  and  a  hinwii  laler.il  one. 

32.  Mylocheilus  cauiiniis   i  IMehaiiNnn  ..      Mission.  Kamloops.   Sieanioiis.  h'cvelsloke,    tJoldcn,   ,ind 

rinatilla. 

33.  Ptychocheilus    oregoiiensis    ^  K'n  hardsonl.       Kamlnnps.    Sicamnns,    I'liiatilla.    I. a    (iraiide.   .ind 

laldwell.      li  eth  usually  _'.   I-I.:.'.      Horsal  with  nliii'  well-develiiiied   rays  il,  HI). 


npresscd.   i 
ixillary   h,  1. 

iiarLiin  of  i  ■ 
li'^in  of  di'i'- 

telldili;;    liiii 

caudal  dci']i 
nil  lower.  : 
rcachiiii^  \  r; 
it  not  noi;il 
I'll  tnhc.  I 
11  the  .Sllial: 
'  of  the  mil! 
II  not  distill 
("i;)  are  hil. 
lilt  contrail, 
lieciincns  II' 
most   profii 


112 


ML'LMiri.N    OF    Tin:    rMTKl)    STAI'MS    I'lslI    COMMFSSK  >X. 


N.. 

I 

;i 
4 

li 

f 
II 
III 
II 
r.' 
I': 
It 
1." 
HI 

In 
lit 
■jii 
■ji 

•22 

■S-i 

•u 

'2't 

2H 


I 


•  I  havK  IV.., 


LeuciscuH  iiml  RichaidMonius.  I'ln'  ;;i'iiir->  i;ii  IhiiiIkohiii^  \\:\>  |irii|iii^i'i|  li\  (liiai-il  in  IK'h. 
was  s.'iiil  to  liiiir  Miiiii-  ri'Minlihiiiii'  In  .Vi/zifi/iii".  riniii  wliirli  it  iniilil  "  lit'  <li)«lili^ill.s|iril  I, 

Hii til  I'll::)'  III'  till'  ili'iil;il  ri>l;;i'  iiinl  tin'  Imi;;  aiiiil,  tnui't lii-r  w  illi  iIh'  ]m  riiliai'  jio'.iliiiii  ■  i  i 

lal  Irr   ill    ■■  I'l  I'l  lirr    tc  liir  iliilsal.       11 1 1'  <l<ir>al  i>  al.sii  liinrll  1 1 rr | it  r  I  liaii  jnlii:.  w  liirji  i-  iii.i  ' 
till'  ra>i'  IN  >7"(///((v.  "     S|ii  rii-.  ili-rii\  iiiil  >iii(r  (liraiil's  ili'M  rijil  lull  wa.s  wiitiiii   jiavr  > ,.., 
Ilial    nil    ^iicli  ililli'r(iiri'>    liilwrrli   .S'/zik/iki  i /.<  h(is<  hi  i  ami  /.'iiliiirilxDiiiiin  v\i-.( ,      IM.  (iii.i 
rlasMil  liii'iinlv  I  wii  MprricH  111'  llnKi'im^  l:irliiirilsii)iiii»  wilii  lil>  .l/«'((Hiifi.  rlianntcri/i'ii  li\ 
I'liili^Mti'  anal   anil   <'iini|iri  "->ril    Miitial    I'iil;;!'    lu'liiinl   tlir   vi'iilraJH.     .Junliiii  ami  <  iillK't  t  . 
M'|iaratril  till'  ;;i'lins  HichinilHniini^  rinin   liiiiiiiiin,  itr..  nil  llic  liasif*  iif  tlir  i'ii||i|iri'HM'il  Vi  ; 
riil^'r  ami  r|iin;:ali'  anal.      I  liavr  csaiiiiliril  a  m'I.v  lar;:r  sci  Ii'n  (il's|i*'fiiiii'ii.s  ami  Iiml  tli.ii 
M'litial   liii;;!'  is  \  I  TV  varialilr.  r       '.iails  with  a-i  ,  ami   i>  iil'  no  wm  tli  wliati'M'T   lii  si').;i 
Hiiliiii  ■Ikiii.iiii  i'vi'ii  siilmi'M'iirallv  1111111  l.i  Hi 'i>iii».     In  nm   siiriiiiH'ii,  \Nliirli  nii;ilit  havi's.i 
(Jiiaiil's  art  i(*l  «  In'ii  lif  di  .-w  I! .  Imlli  iiliis.  I  In  ri'  is  i  lir  intifst  \  rst  i'^f  iil'  a  \  i-nlial  ritl;:i'. 

riilj;i'  SI s  lust  ili'Vrlii|it'il  ill  s|iiTiiiiins  aliiiiil  nniliiini  si/c  i  "."i  nini.  i.      Thr  clniiai'trfs  silc . 

Ill  si'|ia  rail'  till'  spfrirs  III'  till'  nlil  i;i'niis  l.'iihiird^diiiiix  I'll  nil  t-arli  iil  Ini' .sicni  mi  imirr  Inrt  iii 
N'l'illnl'  t  III-  t  I'l 'ill  mil'  till'  .scali'S  arr  nl'  an,\  \  aliir  w  iiatr\  rr  in  I  his  ri'S|ii'rl,  Tln'  anal  tin  ,- 
mi  ini'ans  an  iilisnliili'  unlili'.  as  will  In'  .hi  in  latii.  In  lai't.l  Itavr  Ik-i'Ii  iiiiaMr  In  iIiI. 
.sin-ilf  I'h.'irartrr  wliiili  will  alw.ivs  ,si'|iai'atr  tin'  tun  tinins.  cacli  nl'  wlilrli  Is  vaiialilt'  m 
I'Xtri'inr.  All  tIniMr  sjircii'S  nl'  l.iiiiiniiiK  with  imiiasi'il  iininin  r  nl  anal  ra\N,  iiidiiIiiiiiix,  hi 
/ililor,  jlilli,  lull  till  I  IIH,  ,'iinl  hiliidlis  may  lit'  ilansi'il  nmU'i'  thi'  Hiilint'inTir  iniim-  /iii  linrilim, 
I  liiiil  ill  ('\aiiiiiiin)r  1 1  siiiiimrns  ul'  l.iiuisiiix  ituniluiiiix,  rnllrrtt'il  liv  .Ionian  ai  ri'o\ii.  t 
in  sonic  till-  vi'iitial  inl^i'  is  miii'li  iiinrr  ili'\  I'lnpiil  ilian  in  typical  specimens  nl'  /'ichiiiili-iin 
The  anal  rays  arc:  L'.'^witli  IL'A  ;   iL'with  \:>\:  1  with  lU. 

34.  Lenciscus  atiaiius  ((Jiranh.     This  specns  is  i|nilc  alnimlaiit  in  tin;  .**nake  liiver  ai    lilalio  I        f  EnnM'i.Iti', 

It  rcaililv  takes  the  hook.     The  lateral   line   is  not  developcil  until   late  in  life;   in  sperm      tAnlerinrt. 
..Ill  ,■  1         1     ^  i-  I  9  Bqiililisiai 

1!  lliclics  Innif  tilt)  ] lores  ale  lorincil  on  Init  lew  scale...  (1  Eqiiiilmlui 

35.  Leuciscua  hydrophlox  (Cope).     Aliiiinlant  in  the  .'^miUe  Kixi'i'  at  It,  I'l.i  Fall.s.     'I'iie  anal  ia\- 

a  iininliur  nf  specimens  exainincil  vary  I'rnin  12}  to  IIU  Two  .Hpeciiiiens  have  1:.'',  i 
rnnrteeii  liavc  llt^,  anil  four  have  IIU  'i'lic  ilor.sal  ra.v.s  vary  I'min  11)^  to  llA,  iiiwl  the  Heal i 
the  lateral  line  I'roni  51  in  ."iX.  Therti  is  |ii'esent  a  sliu'lit  iiieiliaii  keel  lieliiiiil  the  Venn 
These  spci'iinens  aniie  very  iliisily  with  specimens  nl'  /,.  iiiinilaiiiix  eollecleil  liy  .lonl.i 
I'i'ovii,  Utah,  except  tliat  a  larger  iiercenta^i'  ha\e  i:t  ami  II  anal  ravs,  ami  a  Hinaller  ]m'i, 
ay;e  hiivt*  11'  rays. 

36.  LeuciscuB  balteatus  (  Uichanlson  i. 
(ojiiiinm  { .Ihriiiiiix)  IiiiIIkiIiih  li'ichai'ilsnn.  l-'aniia    I'mr.  Aiiier..  Ill,  ItOl,  IH!!!!;  Storer.  .Synopsis  I 

.v.  A.,  Hid,  IKIil. 

J;i(liiirilxoiiiiix  hallciiliix  (ih-.n-il.  I'rnc.  Aeail.  Nat.  Sei.  I'liila.,  viii.  1. *;.">( i,  1'(I2;  id.,  I'.  S.  1'.  I{.  KM 
iV  .Surveys.  X,  27X,  pi.  i.x.  li^js.  1-1,  isyj  (  Fnrt  Italics,  ((icm,,  j'tji-t  Vancouver,  ( »rejf.  N :  |!, 
I'roe.  r. S.Nat.  ^iIls.  IKSJ,  <i:!  ((Jariisnn  Cicek.  Wash.);  .Ionian  iV  Uilliert,  Syn.  Fish.  N 
iTiI,  IXS'J  (Cnliiniliia  l.'iver  and  iinrtliwanl  i ;  .Ionian,  Cat,  Fish.  N.  A.,  ;{:<,  IW."). 

Abniiiiis  ( llliriii)  hiilliiihix  (Jiinthei',  (at.  I'ish.  ]?rit.  Mii«.,  vii,  ;!(i!t,  lS(i8. 

of  thisspccies  1  oliiaincil  t  wo  iini|iicstinii.'il»le  specimens  at  Kanilon])s,     Tht^e  i.s  a  ili>l 
iiiedi.'iii  ridnc  liehiml  the  \cntrals,  and  the  anal  has  L'OA  and  UL'.l  (II,  l^'.l-L't).* )  ra.ys.     Tcci 
5—1,  2.     At  Mission  this  species  is  almnilant,  the  lar^^est  individmils  nieasiirini^  110  nini 
the  liirijcr  siiceiimns  tin-  iiii>t  ventral   iicil   is  very  vnrialile  and  rrei|iit'ntly  imt  at  all  '!■ 
fiuishalile ;    it  is  liest  dcvelojicil  in  niciliuin-sizeil  specimens  'HO  inin.).     Tln^  teeth  iiri'  n-; 
'J,  'i-\.  'J.  when  mnnially  developed.     <»t'  these,  tlie  anterior  tooth  on  the  left  is  thicki  r 
shorter  th;in  the  otlnrs,  liauLicr-shMped.  ami  rcniole  frnni  llieni.     I  have  maile  detailed  1 1^ 
and  measnicinents  nf  ii\  cr  I'll  specimens,  and  lia\  i   conn  ted  the  rays  of  all  the  rest.     Tic 
rays  are  as  follows:     III',  in  t  wo  s|ieciini'ns;  )7i  in  seven;  18A  i;i  thirteen;  I'.H  in  twent\  : 
20A  in  ci;;hteen  ;  L'l  (  in  eijiht ;  2l"  in  t  wn;  'SA\  in  two;  2\\  in  two.     The  usual  niinilier,  tin' 
1!M  nr  L'O.J.      riie  tlorsai  \aricsl'rom  11U1;>1.     I  have  fniinil  iin  ciinlinatinn  of  variation- « 
ever.     Fach  character  varies  imlc|>ciiilciitly.     The  Kcales  \ary    i'rnm   II    to  V,i-Xi  to  (i:!  ■'< 
.Vccnri.in.ii' to  the   Mission  specimens  the  nnrinal   iiuiiilier  nf  anal  rays  is  l!ti  or  20i,  aii, 
viiriati  )u  is  three  nr  four  r.ivs  in  both  directions. 


ele^ 
spt;i 

37.  Leucis 


nil 

Tl 

i»'| 

spf 

is) 

wJ 

nil 
ml 


-'«; 


ill  \H',i 
j-li.'<l  I. 
-itiiiii  I  r ' 

I  ll  is  iii'l  : 
llMVC   M." 

\>r.  Uiliii' 
(■ii/«'il  li\ 
I  i.illifii  . 

I  h-lll    \  .   ; 

lillil  III  M 
r  III  si'|.;r 
t  li;i\c  •«.  I 

rid;;!'. 

i-tcl'H  sill . 

ire  I'dit  i;i 

:iii:il  I'm    - 

ill'    III    ill    tr 

viil'iiilil 

oliliiinin,  /'./ 

ill      I'lllMi.    I 

I'icliiinl-iii: 
;il     lililllO  !':( 

■;  ill  speiiiii' 

'he  iiiial  i.iv 
liiivc    !-'■    1 
lul  tln^  Miiili- 

ll    till'    villi] 

(I  liy   ,Ioiil;r 
Hlllilllcr  ]irlH 


i< 


Ni.. 

I 

•I 

;i 
4 


K 
III 
11 
ll' 

u 

i:. 
i>i 

u 
lit 


KMM.uKATIoNft    IN    WK.STEUN    CANADA.    ETC.  113 

Tlir   riilliiwiii^   tiililf  ^ivcH  :lir  iiiiM-iii'i-iiii'iils  :iiii|  HiiiiH'  iitlii'i'  viiriat iiiii.'*  riiiiiiil  iiiiiiiiii;  tllA 
riiiiriis  III    /.iiiti'iiit   liiilhalim  Iriiiii  .Mi>>iiiii: 

SruliH.         Ti-illl.         llrplll      '!"7"J"!1      ?*"•'' 
■  III  iliirM.il 


Lnh-lll 

Dim 

Anil 

III  IIIMI. 

*,il. 

Ull 

IH 

I-* 

lUi' 

\:\ 

•.'H 

III) 

i;!i 

im 

lil.'i 

jii', 

liiil 

I'.'* 

lit' 

Hi 

ijj 

1"^ 

1)1 

ii« 

ii;f 

'ri 

in 

It* 

1-* 

'••» 

!IJ 

l-'J 

'•■4 

lirj 

1-'^ 

•.;ii» 

H7 

1-^ 

■i»S 

"ti 

\:S 

-.'in 

sv. 

i-'i 

■:■«, 

Ml 

\\k 

:!iA 

»'. 

ijii 

I'i 

in) 

i^S 

I'i 

.^H 

IP, 

17i 

7  ( 

IJA 

17^ 

-1 

1-'^ 

HH 

•1 

12!, 

:'.v\ 

■>ll 

i:a 

•-•p. 

71 

11} 

iti» 

till 

l:u 

-'i 

l\A 

l:i* 

-♦* 

(ii 

'-! 

j;(i 

Uriiiark-i. 


r.'  .'ilt-ll 

II  vi :. 

I'J  IHl  11 
IJ    'IH    li 

ll-'.7  tl 
I. 'till  li 

i:' .'.7  ". 
I -J  >-tl 
ij  m-ti 
i-j-iii  ll 
III.-.'  II 

III  ,'.!l-ti 

n-v.t  7 

IJ  til   7 

ij-iii  ti 
i:i  v.i  7 
l;l-ri«  7 
11 -im  7 

i;i-iii  7 

i:;  .■>K-7 

til 


:j.:i-4.  1 
■.'. :. -»  2 
•.>.  •-4.  i 

.L.  4-4.  2 
•-'.  ^-i  2 

•J  4  :i.  1 
•.'.  r.^.  1 
2.  :■  4.  2 
2  .".  4.  I 
•.'.'•-4  2 

1  :i-i.2 

2,.".  4  1 

2,  :>  4. 1 

2  .".  4  I 
2  .'.4  2 
2  :.  I.  2 
2  :.  4.  2 
2.  ■p».2 
2.  .".J,  2 


2.  .'.-4.2 
2.  ■"■-4.  2 


^1 

•'I 

H 

■n 


It) 

'l* 
(III 

(III 

(•i 

<;' 

III) 
(III 
(t|) 

'*' 

(fi 
(III 
(») 
&i 

(:\) 
ill 

(It 
til 

(II) 
(III 


Ki'fl  siiiiii'ly  I'Viili'lll. 
MimHiiii  kill  Hriini'h  iviiliiit. 
Mriliali  kill  iii<ii|i<nil<' 

Mi'lll.lll    kl-l>l    will  l|l'Vl'ill|ICll. 

K'tI  i\  pii  III. 
Ki*.  !  miMliTiilf. 
Kii  I  1  \iili'ii(, 
.     K'll  ilisliiii  I. 

Kill  will  ili'vi'|ii|i('il. 

.    Kii  1    IV|iir;ll 

j   Kill  nilli|.M'li.|M'il. 

■    Kri'l   lllnilciall'. 

'     Ki-l'l   M  I'll  lIl'V  rUlplMJ. 

Ki'i'l  nil  iiiiiif  than  in  iifuttnnuf. 
'   Kill  iliitiinl 
'  Ki  ll  i>\  iili'iil. 

Ki-rl  innili'l'all*. 

Kill  l\  jiiial. 
Ki'rl  wi'll  il|.\  i-]o|ti-il. 
.      _        Ull. 

Kt'i'l  iniiiU-rutr. 
I>... 
li.i. 
.     Kill  1  .  iili-nl 


•  Ihavi<  IV  ■■iiiMiitly  ciIkim  vn'l  i!iat  tliu  larni  -"t  iii'liviiliiiU  aii'mn  111''  iniiiii'nv<  ii-iiully  lia\  .•  a'liiur.ii  i)  niiiiiliii  i  nl'  tiiili. 

t  BqiiiiU-'tiint  rriiiii  liasi'  .i!'  iniilillv  r  iinlal  ravs  aiil  i  |i  liiit  almvi*  iiiiilillr  ul  ]>  i|  il. 

■' ABtorim  t'liilli  (ll   niiin  r^i'v  mi  li'li  siilr  Ia  1.ii_'i'.  ilax^iT  ->li  ip  'I.  ami  niii  iln  !'•  mi  tl.  •  iir,ii'r<.  a'll  p  liiin  iiiw.uil. 

Hquiilisiani  I't'iini  lia.sc  iif  iiiiiMlii  rainlal  r.i>  s  iniil  ii|i|ii'r  ani^ln  uf  )iriMi|iiTi'li*. 

BquiiliHlant  ri'iiiii  li.i.w  111  iiiiililli'  rainlal  r.iv-t  anil  |iii->ti'i'iiii'  iiiiiri;iu  uf  cyi'. 

Ki'siclDs  till-  iibi'vi-  tlioi'i'  ari-  fniir  with  17.^  and  rays;  rifvi-u  with  ixi;  twoiilv  with  I'Ji; 
t^lovfu  witli  20\;  livf  with  :.'li:  on-  witli  'JJi;  una  witii  2.i\.  Tlio  lar;;fst  iniiiihiT  ot 
.s|i('.riiiieiis  with  iiirrt'as.'il  anal  rays  wi'if  siiiall  iiulividiials,  jihout  Til  mm.  1'in;^. 

37.  Leuciaciis  balteatiis  lateralis  .(Jiruiili.     Tlif  sperimnis  of  this  siilisin-fii-s  iVom  Ihc  (liilereiit 
lociiliti«-8  will  be  cousidfrcd  .separately. 

1.  Sicitmoiin.  A  iimnhrriif  tho  spi'i-iinciis  contain  lari^i-  ii.ir.isitic  wnniis.  i;i;,'lit  spi'i'iiiieus 
examiiiril  show  the  t'ollowin;;  mi'iisiirt'iui'iits: 


,  Synopsis 


No.    I.tii;:tli.  Itoria!     Anal.      ."Sralps.       Tri'tl..       I'o.^i(iiiii  of  ilorsiil.    '  Ufptli. 


.  s.  r.  im;.i 

,  OrcK.  ?i:  I" 
Svn.  Fish.  N 


'hiTc  is!i  (li>i 
rays.  Ti  ii 
inn;  Ml)  nun 
lot  at  all  'M- 
t.ofth  arr  li- 
ft is  thirki  1 
1?  dclailt'il  1 1 
(■  rrsl.  'I'll' 
H  in  I  went  \ 
niiitihi'i'.  I  ll' 
■  variation-  " 

.i-."i;)  to  ti:'.  ■'! 

i,  or  20*.  nil'' 


;i2 
till 


I2\ 
12i 
I2\ 
12.5 
12.* 
12* 
12* 
12* 


Hi* 
14* 
17* 

ii'.S 

18* 

Hi.* 

17* 


lUil.i-fi 

ii-r>2-t! 

14-(i2  7 
12-ti'i-"i 

III  (i2  ri 

11-liiMi 
11-'>!I  ■) 
11  (Jl 


.4-1.  I 
.5  4.  2 
.  ."1-4.  2 

.  :■  4 

.-)  ,").:! 
.  .'1-4.  I 
.  ■>-4.  2 
,5-4.1 


Ki'il  inilistiiii't  (• 

|ti 

i:i 

Ci 


i— 


4 

4* 

4 


I. 


'  Ei|iiiilistaut  I'lmii  Imxu  >it'  iniilille  I'lmilal  rays  iiiiil  uppi'r  aii:;li'  i>l  |ii'i'Ii|iiti'Ii'. 
I  Ki|iilili..^t:iiit  t'riiin  liasi-  iil'  iiillilli-  caiiilal  rays  ami  a  puint  ab  ivr  iiinlilli'  ii'   ptiinl, 
'  Ki|iiiili>taiit  Iroiii  luisi-  ul'  iiiidilli'  caiulal  niys  ami  ut'ilinit. 

I'll!' tola!  iiiiinlii'r  of  spi-i'iniL'iis  (.■olliH-ttiil  at  .Sicaiiiiins  w.is  .'i'^.  Thry  havn  tht;  followiur; 
niiiiihi'r  of  anal  rays:  1  has  11*;  I!  have  l.'ii;  1:5  have  1(J;.  ;  2.Sli:ivol7*;  ShiivelS*;  ."j  hiiv(>  l:ti. 
'I'lii'si'  ^incimi'us  are  a  little  more  roliiist  than  those  froni  Mission  an. I  ar.'  certainly  more  elou- 
jiate,  the  (li-pth  in  a  niiiii'ier  of  th'in  lieiii.;  •''i-l|  in  the  ieiiL'tli.  I'liey  are  iiiorti  coarsely  and 
prnfiisely  piini'late.  Tliere  is  a  coiispiciions  lilimk  lateral  li.iinl.  almve  which  there  is  in  some 
specimens  a  narrow  liirlit  line  aUovc  which  there  is  another  darker  shade.  The  ventral  keel 
is  niiideratiiy  developed.  In  ail  the  normal  pharyii'^eals  e\aiiiined  t'le  tei-th  in  tlie  main  row 
were  o-l.  In  one  case  the  ti'i-tll  are  2,  Ti-."',  :!  wliii-h  miy  he  a  ca-^e  of  reversion.  Tiiis  is 
iini|iiiistionahly  t'ae  sperie>  ii;;iived  by  (Jirard  as  /,'.  Inh'rdlis.  Tiie  averai^o  si/eof  liic  s|ieL'i- 
mcns  is  .smaller  than  tiiat  ul'  hulttalui. 

V.  c.  r.  1SSI4-S 


114  IU'LLKTIN    OF   TIIF,    UNITi:!)    STATES    I'ISM    COMMISSION. 

L'.  SptM'iiiiciis    from  <liitiin    l.dkr,  iiUo  iiinloiilitiilly    IhIiiuHh,    arc    Hiiiiiliir    ti>  llmsr    u^^  Blodoii 
Sic.iiiiiiMis  ill   color  mill  proportiiiiis,  liniiij^  iirolmWiy  sli;;lilly  iiii>ri>  roiiiiir»«M.sc«l  itinl  'I"i|q,  Cterego 

M;iii\  s| iiiiciis  of  tliii  ;:i'iiiis  iir«  l>rij;lit  sciiltt  on  tin-  hIiIi"*.      TIkti'  with   tiiki'ii  in  (.|  ,.,.,, 

Liikf  II  >»pi-fiTiifiis  Willi  iiiiiil  ni.VM  ;is  follow?*:  :t  wiili  lU;  7  with  l.">J;  :i  with   Kil;   1  witli  i  „,  , 

75  iiiiii.  or  less  in  li-n«ili.      TIim  tectli  in  Ilio  main  row  uii'  in  all  Imt  one  doiilitfiil  rase,  ."   i  ,j,   , 

;t.  Two  spiciiiKiiH  from  Kniiilmtiin  liavi-  tlio  kirl   motlcniti'lv  ilt'Vilopcil,  tint  tt'tith  !•,  ".  ^^^^^^ 

ami  •-',  T)-:!.  L';   tin-  anal  rays.  17^  ami  \M.  |,l  ,, 

I,  Oil""  Mpcfiiiiiii  from  AVr/7W»Ac  lias  tfclli  L',  .">-l,  l;  anal,  !.">*;  dipili  I  in  l.nutli.  ^    rforegoi 

,">.   (lolilfii.     The  |i'>sitioii  of  the  ilorsal  liii  ilorfl  not  vary  matrrially  in  aiis  of  the  upccii;  (y,,|| 

<>iiiimfrat*'il  aliovi'.  imr  in  ImUeiihiH.  In  all  tlio  Hpcciiiieiis  e\aniiiu>il  this  tin  was  «><|niili>; 
from  1ia?<i'  of  miililli>  ramlal  ami  trom  a  point  from  alioM-  tin-  niiilillt*  of  tin'  ryr  to  ni'inh 
ocripnt.  At  (iolilcn  I  olitaim-il  a  niimlirr  of  Hporinirns  in  wliich  tlnri'  is  very  j;reat  vaii.i 
ill  this  point.  Till-  (lorNul  is  ciiiiiilistant  from  liase  of  iniilillt>  camlal  rayH  ami  from  posti- 
m.arnin  of  till- cyi' in  omM'xtri'iiH' and  from  lit'liiml  tin' ocripnt  in  tlm  otlii-r.  Tlio  spci  iin 
livini;  in  a  milky  liviT  insteii  1  of  a  ilrar  lake,  as  those  at  Sii'iimoiis,  aii'  iiiiich  lijihtcr  ami  i 
iiniforni  in  color.  The  avcniijc  nnnilicr  of  iinal  rays  is  h'ss  than  in  the  ."^icainoiis  spceinii  i;. 
niav  he  seen  from  the  fnllowiir^  tahh'  : 


Mmsiiit  mini  III'  iiiiiiiiiciiM  I'ruM  the  Ciiliimhiii  Jiifirat  tioldiii,  Jlrilixli  Ciiliimbia. 

I!i'niiiik'<. 


I  No.    I.fiiitlh.  Der-il.    An;il. 


III.'. 


I'l'i'lli.       Ili'pth.   IIi'iiil. 


I'lisilliiii 

iil'ilia  "III 


llepi 
littl 
IcilK 

in  1 1 
horn 
thnii 
in  tl 

:2.  Onoorh: 
Htiiki 
hi  rut 

3.  Balmo  i 
Craii 


1 

11. '> 

i:'. 

.1 

1U4 

in 

;i 

lii:i 

11.^ 

4 

|i):l 

11.'. 

5 

11. 't 

IJ,'. 

li 

'.I'.' 

II'. 

7 

!t| 

l:;'. 

H 

".1 

11.', 

!l 

^-1 

l--'k 

111 

,*"J 

11'. 

II 

*.\ 

II', 

IJ 

~* 

II 

i;i 

:.! 

l;.'i 

u 

7  J 

III'. 

1.-. 

i;s 

lU 

I'i 

117 

i-Ji 

17 

ii.'i 

ii". 

H 

I'.J 

II'. 

]:,\  i:'-n:;-ii      j.  .•.-i.  i       •    :;j 

mi  lu-iil    .'        'J.  .'i  4.  I  4 

l-<\  III  .">."i-.'i       L".  ■)  4. .'  4 

17*  12  5'J    '        'J,  4-.'., -J  .  4! 

i:A  .'.li        1.5-4,  1  I  4 

I.-.;  '  4.', 

I7,i  .'17        ■.'.  4-3,2  I  :ij 

US  4 

Hi':  '  4i, 

li'>\  '  4', 

>"i  i  :'.; 

'•■^  n 

\:>},  !  4 

(u  ' :  4 

i7^  :!' 

i:<\  4 

17\  4' 


n 
ii 

*\ 
*\ 

I! 
4! 
4.' 

n 

4 


i    ) 

ih 
I  I 
r) 
i:) 
'!> 
i:> 

I)  I 
>■) 
rj 
I  :i 


Kill  nil. 
Kri'l  cvlili'iit. 
1)1.. 

Ho. 

Ki'il  well  mm  Lt'il 
Kiel  «  ill  ili'vrliiiii'il. 
Iviel  nil. 

Kiel  wi  llilevi'lii|ii'il. 
Keel  Miinely  iviileiit. 
ICiel  eviileiit 

Keel  e\  lilclil 
Keel  «ell  ilevrliipeil. 
Keel  motlrlllle. 
Keel  welldi'Vi'loppil. 

Ho. 

Keel  slioiii;. 
Do. 


Kiliiiill.tlaiit  I'roiii  liii.si>  ol'uiiiMle  imiuImI  r.ivs  aiiil  o(;ei|iiit    lini;iiifiln;;  of  sonleil  r«i;ion).  | 

t  Ilorsal  nearer  liase  (il'inlilille  laiiilal  rays  Ilian  iiril|iiit.  * 

;  Kipiiilistaiit  t'roiii  liaie  el' iniililli' ramlal  r.ivsiiinl  iipiier  Miiule  iir|ireii|ii>rile. 
'  Kiiiii'liHlanf  Innii  lia.(i- el' niiilille  camlal  r.iN^^aml  iio>teriiir  marjiin  nl'iye. 

I'lie  dorsal  in  this  lot  has  one  or  two  .sjiines. 

Twcnry-tiiree  specimens  taken  at  I. a  (iramle,  in  tho  (Jraml  liomle  Kiver,  vary  from:. 
lU8nini.  in   h'ii'.fth.     Two  have   anal  rays    ll.i;  six  have  1.").;;  eleven,  lii}  ;  four,  17].     I'l 
H!-l;  teeth  til  one  specimen  e\amimiil.  l',  ."i-l,  2;  jieneral  color  ilark,  markinus  well  (leliiii 

Tliirty-thrce  sii'cimens  from  lioise  Kiver  at  t'ahlwell  show  the  ;nreatest  variation  in 
rays  without  any  o'leat  specialization  in  one  niimher.  They  aro  as  follows:  one  witli 
two  with  l.')};  si\  with  Iiij ;  seven  with  17.V:  eioht  with  181;  seven  with  10.< ;  two  with. 
auil  one  witli  L'li.  Thi'se  specimens  are  rather  Hat  ami  deep  (depth  '.if,  to  '.i'i),  a]niroiicliiii. 
htiUrahiH  in  this  respect  as  well  as  in  the  niimher  of  anal  rays.  They  are  rather  jiale  in  > 
with  the  markinj^s  not  distinct.  .Some  of  these  .specimcn.s  may  lielon;j  more  jiropeil 
hiilliiihi.s,  hilt  I  am  not  aUlo  to  detect  any  dili'erences  save  those  nicntionud.  The  venlral 
ill  most  of  tlicsoi  siiceiiiicns  is  no  mons  evident  than  in  specimens  of  L.  mDiitaniin. 

Of  nine  specimens  from  rniatilla.  Orejj.,  two  have  the  anal  rays  l'\.  four  have  l.-^ 
three,  2ill. 
3B.  Hiodou  alosoides  ( italinesi|iieK  (inldiiji.  Poplar,  ahnndant ;  I  >.  11'^  or  12.^,  coiiiitiiiK  all  i 
lateral  line  alioiit  (id;  depth,  ;U  to  ;W.  Thi.s  species  is  very  ahnndant  in  the  \WA  K'iv. 
\Viiiiiipe!i;  the  larijest  s|ieeimeii  seen  measured  370  nun.;  head,  4.i-.">  in  larojest  speiii 
I  li-IA.  insmaller.  L':!0  mm.  i;  depth  ahontlV.  It.  Hi;  .\.;51-:{7;  lateral  line,  (il.  This  -|. 
ia  here  dried  for  the  market;  also  taken  at  Hrandon  and  reported  to  me  at  .Medieini;  llai  .. 


the   I 

'-  be  e> 

ill    ci 

lir.'iii 

The 
]iriili; 
tho-i 
and  I 

4.  Thymall 

Hcale 
ill  tl 
illellf 
dill.- 

5.  SalveliiJ 

Kpec 

mil] 
lai-.| 

The 
thosi 

arc 

Bpotj 
to  I' 
Bpoll 

in  ij 

.■we  I 

Bnia| 
at 

Bpe' 

Bpei 

teetl 
froiil 
and 

few! 


KXI»[.»>KATI<»NS    IN    WI'.sTKHV    <ANAI>A,   KTC 


115 


II    llllisr     It 

I  anil  il>i{ 

II   ill  •■I 

', ;   I  with  ' 

'  r:i.-«',  ."    I 
tirtll  •-'.  ■■ 

IlK'tll. 
tlir  Hprciii, 
IS  «>i|lli(li>; 
to  lU'ill'h 
It'llt  Mil  I.I 
lllll\     jMl^ll 

'I'lio   Bprciiii 
liter  ami  i' 

S  N|>frili|i||. 


KlmI. 

l(>lll'll. 

I'||I|M'|I. 

fvlileiit. 


'rinpi'il. 

I*. 

I'lopeil. 


n). 


,  vary  iVdin 
)iir,  17. U     I'' 

S  Wl'll   (Iflilll 

variation  in 
,'s:  Olio  ■wiili 
I, ;  two  with 
I,  a))|iroa('inii 
rlicr  pale  in  ■ 
iioro  propi'il 
Till'  v*'iilr!il 
mils. 
our  have  In 


M>lllltill}r  :|ll 

h.'  Kcd  K'iv 
iirj-est  N|)i(  I 
()1.  Tliis  -I 
lediciiit'  Hilt 


19.  Blodon  tergiAUH   l.c  Sueur.     \Viiiiii|i)"^,  Krainlon. 

M)>  OoreKoiuin  williamsoiil  liiranl.  I'liis  xiinieH  is  i'\tri>iiiely  aliiiiulanr  in  tlir  MirtHoiiri  liivr  nt, 
(  i^i^.  It  Wat  a  Nil  I  a  l^  I'll  at  lilalm  I 'alls  in  tlir  Mia  l\i'  lti\  i-r,  at  I. a  i  iraii<l<>  in  tlir  lira  nil  l>i>iiilt>; 
at  iiolilrii,  lilr\  rUt'ikr.  anil  rinatlllii  in  tlir  (  iilnniliia  li'ivrr;  at  (alilwi-ll  in  llir  Hoixr  Kivrr: 
ul  (  iil^aiv  anil  It.iiil)  in  llir  How  liivn,  whrrr  it  i.s  rallril  ^riiN  liuK,  anil  at  Siriiinnu.s  in 
ShuNhwiip  l.akf.  'I'ln'ri-  are  niiiiutr  (liirnnnrH  liriwrrii  ilii>  h|m>(  inHuiii  taken  at  dilVerrut 
|il,iri  -,  lint  I  am  niial'le  ti>  iliKtinunisli  s|irritii'  iliarartrrM  tn  triijiralr  tlieni. 

\X,  Coregouiiu  coulteri  l'-i.;eiiniann  iV  l".inriiin:iiiii.  Many  spnini  •iin,  tin- lari;rst  nira.siiriiiL;  liCi  nini., 
t'roin  th«i  Kii'kiiiK  llorNe,  itt  Fiilil,  llritiNli  ( 'oliiniliia:  one  Mpecinien  from  (ioMni.  Head,  li-'i; 
depth.  4A-."»i;  I>.  1(U-1U;  A.  IL'-IH;  .Miilen  7.  ti(M!:t,  7  (to  ventralsi.  Ii.rin  ratln  r  heavy, 
litt  If  elevati  d  tile  cnout  hroild,  very  hlnnt  and  diciirvod  ;  'ireateMt  de|itli  nt  head  ec|iials  its 
length  I1-..H  liie  oprrile.  Mmith  low,  the  >miiit  hiit  little  projeitinj;.  maxillary  reaeliint;  eyo 
ill  lari'i'ti  Npoeinien.  I'liither  in  the  >malli'i'  onrH.  liye  ri|nals  .snniit.  I  in  Inad.  Supplemental 
bone  a  i-reseeiit.  Iiill-rakers  ni'irh  a-,  in  iiilliiniiiioiii.  liorHaNiind  iiiial  nliorler  and  higher 
tliaii  in  ivilliiiiiiHoiii.  Seiili'H  lari,'!'.  dull  ,^il\eiy  ;  the  spots  id'  tlie  youii:,'  not  Hit  ronspieuoiiH  an 
in  lliosr  lit  witliiiiimini.     Length  nt   lainrst  Hpeeiineii  to  iii'i>{in  of  dorsal,  (ix  mm.     i  I'late  tl.) 

2.  Oncorhyuchua  tsciiawytscha  Walhaiim.      indden.   II    s|>iM'iiiii'iiM,  the  hir^e.st   ll'i)  mm.      It'evef- 

Htoke.a  lari^e  nninliii  nt'  spi  linnns,  the  lai^est  I'-'H  iniii.      I. a  (iranile,  I  speiimeii.      Mission,  the 
■    liir>;e»t  ICi  mm.      Kamlno|>H,  I  KpeeiiiHii. 

3.  Salmo  niykisH  W'allianm.     ('al;;ar\.  ISaiill,  <ii  illln    Lake,  sieamoiis,  Kamlonps.  Idaho    I'alls.   iiid 

(  r.iii;.'  The  s)iriiniiiis  I'lnia  (aluary  and  ManlV  resi'inlde  \eiy  (dnsely  speeimeiis  in  tlm 
eollei'tions  id'  the  Indiana  InivrisitN  t'iniii  the  K'lo  (irimdo  at  l>el  Norte,  Colorado,  'n  ope  of 
the  Kin  Cr.'inde  spreimrll.s  I  enillit  \!*\  rows  nt' s.  ales  ;  |)r.  .Ionian  eoiinted  l.'i.'i  In  Did  in  those 
be  ex.imined.  In  one  ot' the  Cali^arv  speiiini  ns  I  lind  I. "id  rows.  In  the  shape  ot' the  head  and 
in  eo'.or  the  spt'iimeiis  front  Cal'^ary  and  llanlV  are  almoHt  exaet  reprodiietions  of  thu  ll'u> 
(iraiide  spei'iniriis.  I  tlierefort)  see  no  reason  why  the  t wn  hIiouIiI  ^founder  ditleiviit  naiiieH. 
The  ijuestioii  of  the  niimlier  of  speeies  of  trout  doiis  not  appear  settled  as  yet,  nor  is  it 
jirnlialde  that  it  will  lie  until  all  the  trout  are  eaiinht.  .spreimms  t'rom  Kamlnnp.s  ditl'er  Iroin 
thn-r  from  (  alu'aiy  in  ha vinj;  slii;lit!.\  larger  spots.  I'hose  I'lom  (Jriiliii  Lake  have  still  lai'ner 
and  nmre  niinieions  spots. 

4.  Thynmllus  signifer  oiitariensis  \  alrnriennes.     A   siiiLjle  sprriiiiri:,  u'li;   mm.  loni;:   I'.  HI  ;  A.  12; 

Hialrs,  !i|.  ( 'rai^;,  Montana.  Tlii.s  spnimeii  dirii'is  iVom  the  sperinieiis  nhtaimd  by  .Inrdaii 
in  the  Madisnii  l>i\er  and  at  llnrsrthiid'  Sprini;s,  in  the  lar;;er  scales,  lieini;  in  this  respeet 
idml  ii-al  w  itii  1  he  typieal  xi'/Hz/i  c,  and  i  .  liavini,'  the  Idaidi  spots  extend  iinite  to  lielow  the  .soft 
dois.il  till,      fheroloinl   tile  dorsal  is  as  de.scrilied  liy  .Ionian. 

5.  Salveliiius   iianiaycush  (\\'all(aiiiii>.     <'al^t;ir.\ ,  li.iiiH',  hevils  Lake,  (iolden,  and  K'evtdstoke.     A 

Hpecie.s  .i|'  Siihi-lhiiis.  |irnl);ili|y  tn  1>«  ret'eried  to  this  speeies,  reaehes  a  larjje  si/e,  a  meter  and 
more  ;n  Dm  ils  Lake,  in  the  (anadiaii  K'neky  .Mountains  I'ark.  A  |ili(dograjdi  of  om' of  these 
lar.uer  imliv  idnai.s  shows  it  to  he  every wlirir  juofiiscly  spotted  on  lieaii,  .siiles.  and  haek. 
The  spots  are  sii,4litly  lar;;er  on  low  er  paits  ol' .sides.  Tliost)  nf  the  head  do  not  dilier  frniii 
tho-'ie  of  the  lindy.  The  dnrsal,  caudal,  and  to  some  extent  the  anal.  vnitralH.  and  pectorals, 
are  also  prnlnscly  spottiMl.  The  largest  Kpecimen  olitailied  im'a.siires  alxnit  liri  mm.  Tli« 
Bpots  are  much  less  numerous  than  in  the  photo<>;ra]ili  and  thoso  of  the  head  show  a  tendency 
to  I'liiti'.  Icavini;' a  dark  reticalatinn  as  a  hack^^ionnd.  Itors.il.  .snt't  dorsal,  and  caudal  well 
Bpniti'd:  anal  and  iiiii'i' surfaces  of  vrntra  Is  and  pectnrals  alsn  spntted.  The  anal  mai;.;iiied 
in  finiit  and  ahnvc  with  while.  In  this  iaiircr  specimen  the  teeth  of  shaft  of  vomer  are 
well  developed. 

Ill  ilic  liow.  into  which  llevils  Lake  lia.s  an  nutlet,  and  in  the  LIhnw  there  arc  numermiH 
small  trnu!  w  hich  arc  considered  dist  iiict  from  those  in  the  lake  The  lariiest  of  those  olitailied 
at  llautV  nicasnreil  'M>{)  mm.  in  leiii^th.  the  rest  from  (^aljjary  aro  all  smaller.  In  this  Iar;{est 
Bpecimeii  anil  in  all  the  smaller  ones  no  teeth  arc  developed  on  the  shaft  of  the  vomer.  In  » 
Bpeciiinn  alioiit  l!(Ml  mm.  lonj;.  tVoiii  Lake  .Nlichijian,  the  shaft  of  the  vomer  has  well-developed 
teeth.  'I'liis  would  lend  color  to  the  poixilar  helief  th.at  those  of  the  river  are  dili'erent 
from  those  of  the  hike.  The  river  !«pecinien8  have  smaller  and  mm  h  fewer  spots,  the  dor.sals 
and  caudal  and  inner  surface  of  jiectorals  are  dusky  without  iudic.itions  nf  sjiots;  there  are 
few  01  no  spots  on  the  lie.id.    .V  sjiecimeii  1(1.'>  mm.  loni;  has  these  eharaiters  still  more  eiu|)ha- 


'  liull.  I".  S.  Fish  (,'ciiii.,  IX.  50.  |)1.  vni,  lii;.  7. 


116 


BULl.KTIN'   OF    THE    I'NITKIi    STATK8    FIBII    COMMISSION. 


liii 
til 
nil 

•  In 

nil 

III. 

rill 
iiol 
lia. 
<l..l 

til" 

riitl 

Sa.  mtheon 

iii|ii 


nI/i-iI,      I'll)  II'  H-'i'iiiH  III  III'  iiiitliiii^'  iilioiit  tlieRc  H|i*-i'iiiii'iiK  that  iiiiiy  tint  Ih-  tiikiMi  iiNciiiirin 
III'  till'  ,MiiiiiK.     •  MliiT  ^|M  riiiii'iiH  I  rum  till-  ('iiliiinliiti  ill  liolili'ii  mill  at  Wcvilntiikc  hIhiw  ■,.. 
ri't'i'iH'i'H  liiiiii  tliKii-  lioiii  (■|ilj;iir>  mill  lliiiill.    A  liinif  ln'inl  ill  tin-  riiiM-rnii  \ 'h  I'liliiTtiiui. 
1.1)  IllilcH  rawt   of   Nrw    \VfNtlllllli>ti-r.    II.   ('..    Iia^   tirlli   nil    I  III'  slialt    til'    tlif   Miliii't'   aii'i  : 
luiiiitinriinh  ( Walliaiiiii  i. 

46.  Percopsis  gtittatiia  Aiin^si/.     \\'liiiil)iff{,  llraiiilon.  lii-Kina,  ^wllt  (iirriiit,  Mfilirliii-  Hat 

H|ii'rii'M  is  aliiiiiilaiit  ill  aiiiiiiNt  all  Nlri'aiiiN  lunii  \\  iiiiii|i<'v:  l<i  .Mnliriiu-  Hal.  I  lii'>  an  i 
iiiiiiicniiiN  ami  lar^i'i'  in  tin-  I'l-nl,  rlt-ar  Ntii'aiiir'.  Tlif  );i'iicia  nl'  I'tnojmulii  iiia.v  bi-  ili- 
t;ili»liuil  a.s  riilliiws:     (l'lati*<).  i 

<i.  iMMHal.  Willi  iNMi  I'l'i'lilf,  '•li'iiilrr.  iiiiliiaiiriii'il  mivh;  anal,  with  a  Hiii^li'  Miinjlar  ray;  kciiIi".: 
Hll'itllj^ly  rli'liuiil  nil  ramlal  |irillli:i'lr :  jmslft  iiil'  lliai'gill  iit'  |ili'ii|ii'rr|c  iiitin-  iir  Willi  li 
rii-iiiilalinii.-  ;  I'lirm  MU'iiiifr l'K.l;i  oi 

<i(i.  ItiiiHal  ami  anal  rarji  with  two  vny  stniiiK  s|iim's;  ni'mIi's  iiiohI  Hlriili^ly  rtrnniil  <ili  :iiii 
jiai'l  of  liiiily  :  |iiistri'ii>i'  iiiai';;in  of  |ii)'ii|ii'irji- w  illi  a  Irw  >liiiit  Init  .Htinim  »|iiii('H;  I'linii  li< 
ili'i'|i    Coi  I 

47.  Columbia  traiiBmoataiia  Ki),'i'tiiiiaiiii  iV  I'liKcninaiin.     rmatilla.     il'lateii.  i 
Culiuiihiii  IriiiiKiiiiiiilaiia  l°.iu;i'liliiaiiii  tV   KiK>'i>niaiiii.  >i  ii-iiri-,   1^!I2,  'JXi  (rtnatilla,  Or«'f;iiiii. 

Ilrail.  :U-:!^ 'I!  ill  till- yoiinu  I :  ili'jith.  .'U-.'I'i  (  I  in  tin*  yniiii;;  i ;   |).  li.!l^;  .\.li,liA:  .srai"  iiii\ 

'.*-!!  til  itl-T.     Itoily  riiiii|iai'ativi'ly  ili'i'p,  iIiiiniiI  |ii'iilili-  imiii-  arrlinl  than  llii'  vi-iitral,  m.SS.  Hlheos 
an  aiiKlr  at    tin- iiri};iii  nt' tlir  iliirsal  I'm:  hiiIcs  riiiii|iri'HH<-il,  lainlal  |M'iluiii'lr  iiinst   mi.    i  Lak 

HhiH't  ami  rliiililiy.  ryo  I'ljiial   In  .smmt,  almiit  I^j  in   ihu   lirail.     I''ir.'<t  iIoi'miI  .■<|iim' aliiml  >  Npi'i 

III  till'  |iii|iil,  si'i'imil  K|ilm'  iini'-halt'  lrn;;lli  ol'  hi;nl,  rrriirvi'il  ami  \»My  ilri'|ily  t'lonvi'il  li  w;i>i 

.Anal  Hpiiii'.s  .soiiH'what  Inwrr  than  llir  ilnrnal  .'-piiir.s  ;   m-iiII'iiU  irarhin^  |iaHt  xi'lit.     Na{>i  K'^< 

Iho  <'\r<')iliiiii  III'  iirri|iital  >|iiiii',  mmIiiI.     Tran.slnccnt  in  lil'i-.     ('ulm,  ;;i-iii>rally  .smutty   S4.  ■ttaeosl 
with  thi'ri'  I'DVN.s  III' iniii'i- (ir  li'.s.s  oliliiii^  lilai'kiiih  NiMittt,  the  iiil<l(lli!  anil  Hiiprrinr  rows 
nut  iri'alili'.     itack  with  a  .si'iii's  nCsimilai'  s|iiiIk,  imii-  hfiii^  iniiir  conspii'iioiis  at  lirf^innii' 
I'liil  III' lirst  iliMsal.     |)oisal  niiittli'il.  laiiilal  liarri'il.     llcail  isniiitty.  a  liliii'  Mark  s|iiit  iiii  i: 
III' iipiTcli-;  a  n.'iri'iiw,  silvery,  lateral  liami,      VniiiiK  traiisliici'iil.  with  well-ili'lineil  ilaiK' 

48.  Lucius  luciua  l.inii.i'iis.     \\'i;inipefj,  llramlnn.  W'i'.stlioiirni'.  .Mon.se  .law,  Swil't  Cnrieiit,  Mi. 

Hat.     TliiN  .Hperii's  i>  riimiiiiin  lliriiii;[;hiiiit  the  .Viirth  anil  is  mii' ol'  ihi- imi.st  pi-nniiiiriil 
lislii's.     I'snally  lallrd  pike,  the  name  iiirkeri'l  heiii;;  a)iplir(l  ti>  the  two  .spceies  nf  Sli:n> 

49.  Pygobteus  pungitius  Linna'iiN.     Thix  npecieM  was  olitamril  in  the  ilear  waters  nt'  the  t/ii'.\| 

Kiver.     It  was  not  notieeil  elsewhere. 

50.  Eucalia  inconstauBKirllaml.     (jii'A]i]ielle,  li'e^iiiia,  Swil't  ('urieiii,  Majile  < 'reek,  ('al.uar\ .  I 

This  speeirs  is  very  aliiiiiilaiit  at  Ii'i'Kina  Just  lielow  the  ilam. 

51.  Etheobtoma  giintheri  I'.i^^eninanii  iV  Mi;;i;iimann. 
i'.UnnstoiKiKjiinlUiii  I'i^'enniann  iV  Ki<;i'iiiiianii.  Am.  Nat.  '.ttil!,  IMiC',     \iMnniiie;;:  Cellar  liapiii> 

Types:  Three  speciiiiens  ."II.  50,  anil  (!<)  mm.  loiiji,  Winnipeg;,  Manitoha. 

Three  speeimeiis  I'riiin  near  Ceiiar  Rajiiils.  Iowa,  I'ollecleil  liy  i^etli  1^.  Meek. 

Premaxillaries  not  protraitile;  ;;ill-ineiiihranei4  isearcely  eoniit'eted;  ventral  line  \vi 
median  scales  eiilarifeil;  lateral  line  complete;  jialate  with  well-developed  teeth;  dursal- 
10;  jireoperele  entire;  nape  and  hreasi,  exieiit  the  median   line,  naked;  cheeks  .-ind  i.| 
each  with  alioiit  three  Herie.s  of  lar;;e  elenoid  seales.     This  species  is  very  closely  ril;i 
A',  (inin-d,  I'roni  which   it  dili'ers   in  tiie  nnirorm  si/e  of"  the  scales  on  the  cheeks  ami 
oiieriles,  etc.     Head.  3!;  depth,  tlA :   D.  X-IH  or  II;  A.  ti.  !li-lU;  scales,  5-'>]>  to  ."il-." 
of /.'.  ((.s/im;  month  modcr.'ite,  the  maxillary  not  e.\tciiilin>;   lieyoinl  anterior  niarjjin  ' 
iihoiit  ;!  in  head;  eye,  ',i:\  in  head;  clucks  with  aliniit  l'.')  Iaij{e,  strongly  ctenoid  seale.'^;  ' 
Avilh  siniil.-ir  scales;  ^ill-mcmlirancs  much  more  eiinnected  than  in   A',  axiiro,  tlw  cmi:; 
not  extending  hack  beyond  middle  of  ilneks.     Outer  series  of  teeth  considerably  eiil:.. 
each  Jaw.     Uois.'il  spines  slender  and  hi;;li,  sli^rlaly  more  than  snout  and  eye  in  leiiui 
dorsal  shorter  and  lower  than  the  sjiinoiis.     First   anal  spine   hut   little  longer  than  ■ 
])ectoral  eijiials  head  less  ojierciilar  spine;  ventrals  but  little  shorter  than  )ieitoral.s, 
naked,  a  few  scales  aloiiK  its  inedian   line,  niid-ventnil  line  naked,  the  scales  whri'  ' 
]iroli,ilily  little  if  any  larjfer  than  those  of  the  sides;  iiajie  naked,  as  in  A',  uxjim. 

rransliicciit  iiilili';  a  dark  stripe  down  and  another  down  and  forward  from  r 
lilack  sjiot  on  liiimural  rej^ion.  .sides  with  ahout  eiiihl  dark  siiots,  which  are  narrox^.. 
riorpartof  body,  further  apart  ami  lar<;er  on  tail;    only  the  last  three  extemling  .li" 


POllI 

is  a 

iSiile 

Fins 

file  1 1.. 

ahoii 

aililji 

oil    tj 

tail, 
lowil 
sea  I J 
i5.    BtheoH 

dartl 

coni 

on 

dor'l 

belli 

K. 

veij 

«.4. 

prol 

rarj 

nioJ 

ahil 

feJ 

doil 

■nil 

\a| 

nuJ 

bhi 

bill 

Ba 

anl 


KXi'UoKATIuNs    IN    WKrtTKKN    CANADA,    KTC. 


117 


93. 


UN  fliiir^ic  littxriil  liiH':  \niilr.il   itiiriA<-i<  pliiiit;  liiti'k  ti>i«iti<ll!kti«l.  Init  iiiiirli   \>'m  n'Kiiliirlv  iiml  inittini'tly 

nIiiiw  '.m  tliiiii  III  /.'.  ii'itiit.     S|MiiiiiiH  iliirH.il  witli  II  li|;ii-k  N|tiit.  lii'twniMi  tin*  lirHt  twit  or  tlirt-n  vitiiicH  iiiiil 

lliTlinii- :  ikiiotliiT  lifiwfi'ii  till-  It.ntc*  III'  till-  liiHt  tlircf.     Till*  rKiiiaiiMlui'  nt'  llix  liii.  ;m  vvi-ll  an  tlii'   wilt. 

iirr  iiii'i  :  ilni'titl.  rei;iiliirlv  ilotri'il:  iMinlikl  fiiiiiih  liarnol,  :i  Mitik  H|iot  m   iK  liii<t<<,  tin*  ri*iiiitiiiiii„  liii't 

(iliiiii 

lif  llllt  \  loiiilli  N|ii'i'iinrii   rnmi  NVilini|M-i{   iii:l\  lit-lon^  to  llic   H.irin-   ■<|m>i'ii"<,  liiit  it  In  proiiilliiy  llil 

riii'j  ill'   I  iiiiiiial  iii<>  xliri'iiiii-ii  III  /..  rii/<i'».    It  U  1)111   III  mill.  Iiiii'^.     It  li:i-t  I).  i\-l  I  :   A.  II,  7;  mimIi'h  ,'iliiiiit 

nay  hv  <l>'  tiS.     rr<'iiiit\ill.ii  \  not  |<iiiti.i<'til)-;  i;ill  iiH'itiliraiii!*  iiiiitcil   In  In-low  iimlilli-  of  i-lii-t^ks;  iia|i>>, 

i-lii>)>ki«.  mill  o|iui('li>-<  iiaUi-tl:  lin-aMr  aii<l  \i-iiti'al  liiii*  iiaUml.    A  Itliu-k  «tn|M<  lorwiini  t'loiii  cm-, 
;   hciili-  iiol  li)'lo\%  it;  a  HiTJt-H  III'  ti-ii    lilai'k   Njiotit  alniii;  tin*  siilus;  ii  Ki-rii-M  ol' rti\   lart{i-r  iiii)-<t  on  tint 

,1'  with  i>  liink;  ii  lilark  liaiiil  tlii'oiii:li  iiiiilillit  of  h|iiiioii-«  ilornal:  iklHiiit   llir<*«i  olilii|iit>  ItaiiiU  on  mdiV 

|>l'.l;i  iH  ilnr-^al  ami  oil  tilt'  i  tiuilal.      A  Mark  H|i<it  nii  liati-  of  ramlal.      No  ili-inii'.;iiiHiialili-  lati-ral  liin-. 

,i,|  on  aiii>  rill- tliiii' H|M-iiiiii-iis  riniii  low  .1  liill'iT  ill  no  i-isi'iiliaU  rioin  tin-  \Viniii|ti-t{  <<|it>rinii>n-<.     In 

I'liiiii  ||,  tin-  Miiiallrit  I  III  mill,  i  llii<  lilotilirH  of  tlii<  mhIi"*  an-  lai'i;)<i'  ami  t'l-wrr  In  iiiiiiiIm>i',  ami  tliun-  ari< 

_,Coi  I  nitlici-  liioail  ilui-<iil  liiiitilii".,  inli-rnn-iliati'  In  |io<4ilioii  to  tin-  lateral  oin-*, 

S2.  BkheostoniH  aMpr?  1 1 'o|ii- \  . Ionian  i.    rmir -tiiall  s|ii>i'jmi'iM  ot'  thin  <.|ti-rii->  wi-n-   taUiMi   jit  Wln- 

iil|ii-'X  ami  II  iiiiinlKT  at  llramlon.  tin-  la!'^i->t  ot'  wliii-li  Is  7i)  iniii.  Imii;.      rin'si-  iln  not  ililli-r  in 

iiiiv  I'SM-ntiaU  from  H|i(>i'ini)'im  rnlli-cti-il  liy  I'rof.  S.  M.  Mrck  in  Iowa. 

9theu8toma  iiigiuin  K'alini'si|iii-.     S|ici-iiiii-iiH  of  thin  Hpi-iio't  takuii  at  \Vi>stli(Hiriit-.  a  trilnitaty  of 

Lakii   \Vihiii|<i<<^r,  In   tin;    A-tHinJIioini-  ai    Kraiiilon,  anl   in    iln*  '^irA|i|ii>lli-  ilo  not  iliifii- liotn 

Hiii'i'iini'ii'i  r<>!ii->'ti-il  ill  Imliana  ainl  Iowa.     I  \v.i-<  iiifoi'mi-<l   liy  .i   half-liii'i-il   that  tills  s| n-s 

was  VI  r.\  aliiiinlaiit  in  soini' .>4iiiall  >iti'i''ini-«  mirth  of  i/ir.\|i|i(-ll)-.  I'ln-  saiin-  iiil'oriuiition  was 
j^ivi'ii  nil-  liy  iiilii'is  lit  Itramloii. 
BUieoBtoma  iowi«  .ioiilan  A  M<-i-k.  \l>iinilaiii  at  >wift  ('iirri'iit.  Tliis  is  ;i  \  i-ry  IM-Miitifiiliy 
coiori-il  ilai'ti-r  in  lifi',  I'ln- niaii*  has  tin- lia>o  of  ili-  s|iiiions  ilnrsal  ilarU  hlin-,  aliovi-  \\  hirli 
iH  a  iM-ly  haiiil  iiml  tln-n  ii  narrnwci'  ilaik  iiiari{iii.  .\  liri<;lit  ll^ht-i;!'!'  n  spot  aliosii  |ii>i'toral. 
8iili-H  wiMi  lihont  iiini-  dark-iji'i'ini  Hpol  -,  tin-  intt-i'H|iari-s  silvi-ry  wit  I  .  iiMtyanil  witli;;i'i'i-n  .niiuIs, 
Fins  of  Mil'  fi-inali'  ni':ii'lv  |ilaiii,  tlio  rusty  spots  of  tin-  .siili-s  Wiuitin.t;.  In  tlir  ali-oholii-  spi-i-l- 
nit'iis  till-  paiti-ins  of  rolor  aro  si-rii  to  In-  vi-ry  varying.  In  .sniallt-r  Kpurinn-iis  tin  r«'  an- 
uhoiil  iiiin- i|iilt>' i'<"^iilai  liamis ;  In  iari^iT  spi'iiini>ns  \\\i\  Hiilcs  licroiiiii  niin'ii  mot  tlril  hy  tlii- 
iiililition  of  ilaiU  .spots  in  llm  int'-rspai'i-s.  I'i'i'i|in-iilly  tln-n-  aii'  i-iitnt  <il-  nini-  i|iiailrati'  npiits 
on  till'  hai'k.  In  out' sp<!riini-n  tlii-ii'  is  a  ilark  liaml  aloii;;  tin*  siili-s  fniiii  tlio  Insiil  to  tin-, 
tail.  The  canilal  is  always  more  or  h-ss  I'liiispiciiniisly  liarri'il,  thii  soft  ilorsal  less  so,  anil  lli« 
lowi-r  liiis  inrliiilin.C  thi- p'-i-toi-als  .iri-  plain.  Tlio  lateral  Hun  is  usually  ilevelopi-d  on  iiioro 
Hraii's  than  in  /■'.  i/iiiijipillf. 
iS.    BtheoHtonia  quappelle  l'li;;i>niiiaiin  A:   Kii^i-nnianii, 

Elheoxliniiii  •initpiiille  Ki^iMiinanii   \   Ki;i;eumann.  .Viii.  Nat.  IMW,  IHKi'.     (^u'Appellr. 

Fort  <^ii'.\)»pi-llt'.  .V  sinuli!  spi-rinirii,  l:{  nun.  Tlii.s  is  thf  nortln'vnniost  itoint  at  xvliicli 
ilarti-i's  havi-  as  \,'t  li.-i-n  takni.  I'i'i-m  i\illai  ii's  not  inolrai-tilr;  {^iilnn-mhranrs  sraii-oly 
conni'i'tril -,  M'litral  liiii'  with  Ihr  nn-iliaii  srah-s  not  (>iilar<ri'<l :  lati-ial  llm;  sir.'ii:{ht,  ili-vi-lopt-il 
oil  lllsrah's;  p.ilati)  witlioal  t'l^th;  dorsal  spiucs,  !l;  anal  Iln  considcralil.v  sinalh-r  than  sot't 
dors.'il:  huiiii-ral  i-<-ijion  without  hiack  procuss;  uhcuks  with  a  d-w  small  scali-s  Just  below  and 
bi'liind  i-yrs;  opi'r(-h>  with  a  t'rw  scah's  on  its  nppiT  anuli'.  This  spt-ries  is  closely  n-lati-d  to 
E.  ioifiv  and  I'.  ji-'<>tiii'.  diiVeriii'.;  in  the  r.idi.i!  formnla,  scalt-s,  etc.  In  sli.ipe  it  a|>pr"aehi-s 
very  nearly  /•.'.  liwiv,  lieini;  iniirh  slenih'rt-r  thaii./'ii'iic.  Head,  t;  di-pth,  .">(;  '».  ix-!';  \.  II, 
rtA.  ."scales,  S-,"i:!-7:  lateral  line  develope  1  on  l!t  scales.  Foiin  similar  to  /•-'.  iuu'r,  its  dornal 
prolih-  notalilv  less  arcln-d,  Its  head  lower  and  less  compressiid.  niore  truly  coiiii-.  .Snout 
rather  hliint.  flm  maxillary  extemliiii;  to  anttM'ior  niurein  of  pninl,  ahont  ;i  in  head.  Fyt' 
moderate.  ;S|  in  heail.  Teetli  in  ^■('^y  narrow  hands,  tlio  outer  series  enlari^eii,  Cheek.s  with 
ahiiiii  Msiuiil  cycloid  scales  'lorderiiiL;  ilii;  lower  posturior  portion  of  orldt;  operch-s  with  a 
few  scales.  I  lors.il  s|»incs  r.itln-r  short  and  .still',  rlie  liiichest  ei|ual  to  snout  and  or  hit.  Second 
ilorsal  shorter  lliaurnst.  Iiase  of  anal  much  shorter  than  liase  of  secouil  dorsal,  not  i-i|ual  to 
gnont  and  eye.  Pectoral  ami  veutrals  a1iout(ii|nal  in  k-injth.  .ilioiit  equal  to  heail  less  operele. 
Xape  and  lireast  naked;  mid  ventral  lim- with  small  scales,  (iiwicr.il  color  dusky,  the  !narkin){s 
rnucli  less  conspicuous  than  in  iiiir:>\  \  dark  shade  downward  from  eye,  another  forw.ird;  ii 
black  spot  liehind  eye;  a  dusky  rc;;ion  on  operi'le  and  on  slionlders.  Sides  with  about  8  dark 
blue  liars,  aUDrnatinii  with  rusty  bars,  t'le  mari^ins  of  tliesi)  111  deliiKMl.  .No  blotches  on  back. 
Basal  h:ilf  of  sjtiaous  dorsal  black,  the  rem.iiiulerhyaliiip.  .Soft  dorsal  and  caudal  barred,  aiml 
and  venlrals  hyaline,  ]ii-ctorals  dnskv. 


Hoiii. 

ti^  ;  seal 
ventral,  i 
most  so.    I 

line  ilboiil  ' 
(grooved  lii 
ellt.      Na)ii 
ly  Hnintt\     *♦• 
III  ill  I   row* 
at  bc^;inllnL 

k  h]lot    (III  II 

lined  daik  • 

nrn-iit,  M" 

]irouiiiiciil  . 

iesof  .S'(i:"> 

i.f  the  l^n'.Vl 

i,('iil.uar,\.  I 


edar  Kai)iil> 

eck. 

iitral  liiif  «i 
!t-th;  dorsal-; 
iceks  iiiid  I'l 
,■  closely  rchi 
cheeks  ami  ■ 
-,")!.'  to  ."'I-.' 
ior  iniii'fiiii  ' 
loid  scales;  > 
ino,  the  ciiii: 
ih-rably  eiil'  . 
eye  in   leiiiii 
ineer  tliaii  - 
I  jn-ctorals. 
icules  wliev  ' 
ilniini. 

,vard  friiiii  <■ 
ire  narrii\\.' 
xteiidiug  id" 


118 


BULLKTIN    OF    TIIK    IMTKD    MTATKM    lisll    COMMISSION. 


S6    Peroa  flaveaoeiia  Mill  hill.     Aliiiinliiiit  ni  I  <irt  i/iT A|i|m  Hi-;   jttiiiiiloii. 

57.  Stlsoatedlou  vltreuin  iMitrhilli.     \\  iiiiii|H«,  Mnom-  .law,  Toit  i^irA|i|M'll)-.     A  »iii({l«!  (.|.f 

IriMii  .\lo4(Hr  .liiw  lia-«  thf^iilos  ami  ii|i|iir  pjirtH  itlli|uilc  <liirk  wllli  iVw  .vnllnw  N|Mit<t  in  -it 
M|iiii<>iis  ilnixal  «lii>«.v\  with  Ihi'  ii-^iial  lilink  H|M.in.  Snd  ilor-ml,  rumliil.  iiml  |MTt.,riil  .  i, 
likn  lliii  HJilit;  liiiiil  itmi  MMitraN  >.  ll.iw  with  liiaiiy  iliiik  «|»iit-..      I>.  \\  -I.  IM. 

58.  Stizoatedioii  caiiadenae  grianum  DoKay.     \Viiiiii|HK,  llraniloii.  I'opliir. 

59.  Aplodlaotus  grui  -iteiia  Kaliiii'^iiuiv      WiiiiiiiH')^,  alniinlaiit. 

60.  Cottus  aaper  (  KiiliitnlHtin  i.      .Mionioii,  .SiraiiioiiH.  Kaiiil'iniit,  lirilliii  l.uki-.  itn<l   rinalilla 

iihiiiKlitiil  ill  the  j'rasi'i'  .syHtiMa  IVkiii  lidi-watii  tn  an  altilinli-  .if  I.IMHI  let  I'liin  •] 
varii-i  ;,'H'iitl.v  ill  •■"I'M- ill  iliHiifiil  lor  ilitici.  ,Vt  .Mi'^mIimi  I  iditaiiieil  a  iiiiiiiIk  i  in  lh<  i 
watiT  III' till-  rraii-i'.  TliMKi'aiMKi'i.v  >vith  the  iiHiial  tliii'k  marking'*:  I  iihtaliicil  two  H|ir, 
fioiii  a  liltlr  IiiukU  (if  rliMi-  watiT  wliic'h  wi'ii'  M'l-y  iinii'li  ilirkiT.  flu'  ura.v  n-iiniiiliiu 
narrow  stifaks  ami  s|ici|4  an  m^  llii-  ;;i>m-i.il  ;;ri>uni|  lolur  nl'  lihuk  Imtii  on  tin'  Miili'.s  ,ni. 
61    Cottusbaiidi  piuictulatiit  *iill.     ('rai<;,  .Moniana. 

62.  CottiiB  rhotheiid  (It.  .^inith).     Two  linn  HiMTiniriiH  nl'  this  siii-riin.  Ii'o  inin  loii){.  ami  a  iiiiin 

Miialli'i  •■iiiH  Will' i>litaini-<l  at  l.a<>raiiil)v  Lati'tal  lino  ('oni))li-ti-.  D.  Nil  or  Viii,  17;  > 
or  i:ii.     Sol'l  ilnrsal  ailnati'  lii'hiinl.  tlir  iiii'iiil>rani'  ixli'iiilin^  to  in-ar  r.inila).     Color  nl  I 

H|ii'riiiM'im:  Kol't  ilmsal  with  olilii|ni'  li;ii^,  inost  niarki'il  oil  lln-  ray^;  ramlal  wiih  aW 

Iar|i(*i  liai's.     Tlit'  N|M'i'ii'.<  in  i|nili'  <  iiiniinin  ul  Itlaho  l''all>. 

63.  Cottua  philoiiipa  I'.iKi'iiiiiann  A    i;i;;i  iiniaiiii. 

Cothis  iihiloiiiji'i  F,i!;riiiiiann  A    l!ii;i'ninaiiii.  .\iii.  Nat.  !«i:t,  Ixiii'.      I'icld. 

.•^I'Vt'iitt'fii  spt'ciiMi'Us  of  a  Ciillim  wvn>  taken  in  tin'  ir,\  wati-rxif  the  Kirkiii;;  llni'ti-  ;.i  1 
IS.  ('.  jli'ail.aliiiiit  I'j-I  in  head.  |).  Mil  or  i\-lli  to  IX ;  A.  ii,  i:t;  V.  i,  I.  I'l'iioral  n  i 
anal  or  past  vriit  cvi-n  in  lai';;rst  H|H'rinirii!4.  Anal  i'i|iiiilistaiit  from  tip  of  hiioiiI  ami 
of  canilal  or  iirarrr  I  'p  of  snoat.  .\shy  i;r.iy  with  M  irkisli  MntrlM'N.  No  wi'll-ili'lini'il  ii..- 
(txci'pt  .Mcni'tiini'-i  iirar  tin)  t  lil.  l'rri|niMit  ly  a  liiisUy  lilotrh  on  anterior  part  of  Npinoii>' 
ami  aiiotlii'r  lo'ar  its  p  istcrior  cml:  tho  lin  sniiii'tiiiios  wholly  iliisky,  niartrineil  with  ' 
I'rrtoials,  soft  ilcirHal,  anil  ramlal  more  or  Irss  liarn-il. 

64.  CottiiB  oiiychus  l'.i;;riiiiiaiiii  A   l':i;>('iimanii. 

Cotlun  nniirliin  Ki^i'iimaiin  iV  i;i;;i'iiin:iiiii.  Am.  .Nat.,  !M»;i,  Isd'J.     Caluary. 

A  siii>;l('  .spiTiiiic'ii  xj  inin.  Ion;;  frniii  ('al;{ary.    This  sjit'cie.s  is  cviilt'iitly  closely  reli 
I',  piilliciiri^  (.1.  A   <i.i.  t'roi''.  which  it  iliU'ers  cbielly  in  haviii;;  many  prickles.     Iluiitl,  :<!| :  li' 
."i*:    l».   VIM.   17;    .\.   i;>:    vciilr.iN,    i,    1;  pectorals,    |;{.     Teeth   on   vomer,   none  on   p.ili 
Width  ot'  lii'i  1  e  (iials  its  li'n.;th  to  eirl  of  preojierc  iilar  .^iiiiie,  its  depth  'J  in  its  length. 
opurcle  wilh  an  ii|it-.inii!d  claw-like  spinu.  bulow    whiih  ar-    two  others,  iniich  sniallf 
iiuterior  oae  having' its  point  tiinn' 1  d  iwiiwird   and    forward.      Kye   l.V  in  snout,   A  in 
Kiliital,  ">  in   heail.     Maxillary  not.   reachin;;  orliit.     Sides  ahovo  the  lateral   liiu',   wli 
complete,  with  .stilf  prickles  from  lielow  lirst  spine  to  lielow  the  last  dorsal  ray ;  jtriekli- 
the  lateral  line  coniine.l  to  the  alidominal   ]iart.  of  tliu  KJdes.     JJorsalA  connected   li> 
mo.nbrane,  tho  rays  inieh  hiijher  than  the  spines,  IV^  Im  lieuil.     I'eetornli*  reaeliiii>j  ]ia^i 
its  ray.s  not  Itranclu'd.     .V  dusky  sp  tt  o:i  lireast  just  lieliiml  anterior  end  of  ^ill-slits:  <■■ 
surface,  ineludin.'.;  tin-  vcntr.ils,  otherwise)  plain.     .Vnal  with  ,'k  fe-.v  dusky  wpoeks  on   its 
other  tins  barred;  wiles  an  I  iipp  .t  surfaces  olive  with  darker  npots.     Threo  dariv  l>aml» 
soft  dorsal;  .a  dark  hanil.jiist  in  front  of  tli"  caudal. 

65.  Iiota  lota  maculosa  ( lii'Sueur  I.    Winnipeg,  Crai^      .Miiiudant  at  Winnipeg.    A  Hiiiglt- s|m" 

was  taken  in  the  Missouri  with  hook  and  line.     This  sjiecies  was  rejiorted  to  ine  at  C.ii. 
wliero  it   is  said  to  ascend  the  streams  south  of  Calgary   in  groat   iiiiinlters.      A  spci. 
"ling"  was  also  reported  to  mo  at  (iolden  *  jiud  again  at  .sieaiiioim.      From  the  descr 
given  it  iiiiist   he  closely  related  to   the  sjtecies  under  consideration.     It  is  said  to  i' 
length  of  l..")()  111.     At,  Sicainoiis  they  had  this   spec  ies  for  dinner  ju8t  before  I  arrived, 
is  the  nearest  I  came  to  securing  it  on  the  Pueitiv  slo]ic. 


•I  have  riic'Kiitly  ici'i'ivi'd  ;t  Mii'-ciiiuMi  t'nrii  this  pliii'e  thrimsfh  Mr.  (rrnnii.     It  is  iiliiutic;il  with  the  Atlitiitiu  8lo|H'  I ' 


AnroocMi.-.  t 
Aoipanmr  hIi 
Aflipanxer  tr.i 

Aolpnllnrr  III! 

hoaphlrln  ii<  li 
N'uturiin  tl,i\  I 
IcIaluriiH  pen 
lotlobus  I  >  |>i' 
Carpimli's  m'I 
C'atMrtitiiiiis  II 

Dllllln  H 
llilllS  II 

CatoateiiiiM,  < 
PanlMi.'i,...j.. 
Uitaoatohiii  ill 
MasoatD'ii.i  111 
HjrkoBii  Minis 
AeroenriiiM  ul 

PlaMphil'Sl'i 

Moliv|>i'<.i"i'>li 
Hotnpis  lull 
Matro|iis  ifiii 
Kalro|>iHilrlii' 
Notro|iiH  iMi'Ui 
Nolropin  -<  lip 
Notra|iis  ii'lm 
N-<trapiH  .iilii'i 
Rhtnlchtinsii 
Agoaia  iiiiMl.i 

AkO«1b  IiiIiUIii 
AgoaU  tiilniM 

HybopHi-^  .'<iiii' 

ConaaiiiHiliN'i 
11alirii>i>ii>>!ri 
Mrioe)>riliis< 
P^Wburlinh 
LnnetxiiH  m 

LulMteeiiH  ll\ 

Laiiaiacii'4  ii. 
LatMlaciiH  III 

Hlotellllns 

Hiommti'i;; 

Uoragoniis  » i 
Coragoii IIS  I'll 
Congou  I i.s 
C'oregotiiiH  1 1 
SalnM  iiivki- 
TliyiMllii.^ ' 
SalvellniiH  im 
Onoorhyiii 
V«reop«li*  i:ii 
Coimnbiii  trii 
Lnciiia  liiriii 
PygoateiiH  pi 
EnoaUaiiK 
Ktbeoatoiiia  < 
EtlMOatniiia 
KtbMMtlllllll  I 

BtbMwtoiiia 
EthaMtoiiia  I 
PanwIlHMsr 
StlMiat(«lii'ii 

aUMMtedii'ii 
AplodiliKtiis 
CuUna  iLspi 
CoMualialrili 

Cottoa  rlinil 
ColtMpliiloi 
Cottua  uiiyi ' 

liOtalotii  Miiii 

TiitiiU 


latcrmuNit 
taken  by  im 


EXI'LOl{ATlON>    IN    NVEhTtKN    CANAi>A,    KTC. 


119 


/((/</»•  nliiiiihui  tkr  iliilriliiiliiih  III'  Ihr  iliffiriiil  n/triir*  lulln  Itil 


Itinl  UlM*r  l(ii»hi  >.i«l>ii|rlii'Wiiri         I  iiliitiililii  Kiiiu'i 


(  'Hlllllltll.1 


H|M-I'l)i*. 


111 

-  '  * 


^        ^       <-       3       *■_!-=       *_5_:       II- 

?    ;:    ;:    Cr  is   ?     -    ■/.   S   a    -j  i «    u. 


^il 


Ml.- 

Kiiiirl. 


t-  -»• 


Aanorii'ti  I  triili'iiiiitii'*    . 

Aelpanmi  -.i  u  i  m  .   .  +  .  .    / 

AnlpatiDir  tiMiioiiioiiiJiiiiiii ..  tl    tl 

▲elp'HIx'r  iiHilltoxtiU    ..    II     11 

MoayhlrliN  III  liiix  |iliil,vrli.Vlii;ltim  ■■     '    .., 

KotariiH  il.tMiN  . . ■ +  ••■ 

Istatarii*  pniiriutiM  '  .'  I 

iDtiobnxi    i-iiMflla + '..    

CrMrf»o.li<-.  Mlii.r + +  ..    ' + 

CatMt«iii>"<  I  iiii'.i.piim* •+-  +  |...  -^  +  I  +   .      +    •• 

CMMIuiiiii''  criHfim +    ...  + +  ... . 

ftlWtl  I  I       lllllrllH  liiilim /     +    -t-    ...  ,  +  I  +    +    .(- 1' 

C»l>lt<>lllll-"  ■  iMlllllillloIll I  •♦-     -f-    ..        )-  ;  +  l  -f     ...   +     -t-     ^     +    ••  •   + 

PmImIi'iih  jiinl.iiii ••■   +1 

MolOatolii:!  ;l  1 1  111  ill  I  III -t-     '     + ■•■   + 

1141111.1  ,IIU-<IIII1I1I •♦•     ...       l-     ... '........ 


!^' 


llillllim  |ililrilll 


•f  + 1  +  + 1  + 


+ 1  +  -f 


•)• 


+  •+•  + 


1  + 


+  l..-  +  + 


+ 1 


+  +  + 


+  ( 


/ 


D'illM  IllllIlK 

>llill<  4  |>|i>iill'l:lit.  . 

Molmpln.ioiiiiiiii 

MetnpU  In  (•  r>'li'|>l>t    ' 
IfolfO|>iH  i>'ti<  illlllllit  .. 

fflllfmiM  ilrliciiKim  t-       I 

KolIOpi*  nil  tfiili'im +    

NolfOpls-'iiliiliriin +       .+     1-  I 

Noifiplt.ii  IIIIIU-' +...-r 

N-<traplH  ^llllirilKlilllK I- 

Rhilrfchlliv^iliili  ii« ...  H- 

AfOaUuiiliili 

Acoifo  Illlllllit 

AfMUf'iili  ii'a  hIiiihwiiii 

RyboBHis  ...iiiiiriaiiiiit +  i. 

CeMMUHlliHnllllllis 

{■talyKoliiKUi'"'  ''■'* T  r-   ■■■ 

liylwlK'iliiiitaiir 4 .:. 

I'IfWfclMlH'illl-l  IIIIUIIIK'lllllH  ■ 

liMHrtwiis  atiariiM 

LmMUi'iih  li,vilii>|ilil'ix 

LaMtBcn-*  li.illi  atiiH 

I  lllrtil  II  I  lialti  atutliitrl'iillx .. 

HiQim iiiowiiiiiH -t-  ...   t-  /  ... 

HWUniri^itii^ +    ..  + 

Uori(onuH  » illiaiiiKiiiil f- 

CoMfOllllsl'ullltl'I'i 

Cor^ouiiM  I  liiiK'Hiiriiii!) /   

CoregonuH  lullilirn /   /   |..    .. 

8«lmoiii.\ki-s .,.   + +   +   + +  \  I 

TliynutUii.^  HiuniiiiDiit.irii-iiBin '  + 

Sal^oliniiK  naiiia.vi  ii.hIi /    4-    +    ...   ■+■   ■^- 

Onoorhyiii  Imx  l-.rlia»ytiii:lia -.-    t    -i  ,   )■     ... 

VeroopRix  uiiitatiis t    ••  •  +     ■ .    ^■', +  I  .  •  +   ■  • 

ColiMBbiu  tra  Million  (una 4- 

Lneiua  Imius +   +<+  ...    /|  t-i. ..'+...  +  

Pygorteim  iiiiii^itliifi +  

Bn«»M«4iiriiiistiiii>. +   +\ +1+  ...  + 

Ktheoatoiiia  yiintlicri +     ......  i... 

BtheiWtoiiia  as|ini     ...    +    ...   -,     ' ' ... 

KtbMMtuiiiii  iiiu'riiiii -f-    +    +... ■•• 

BtbaMtoiiia  invva- | +' I...| 

EthWWtoilia  l|!!.l|ilirlll) -H    ..  .|...    ' |.. . 

ParMflHM 


+    +1 


+   + 


1  + 


+    + 


i  + 


StllOBtwli'm  lairKliMim' (iiim-illH..   4       I     +   ' /    

SUMMtediiiii  \iin'iiiii  +   +     ..(+| I   

AplodinotiiH  ^.Tiiiiiiiiiis t -•. 

Cottaa  «M|ii'r +  I  -i 

CottMbainlliiunrliilatiiH 

CoMm  rliiii liens i 

OattMpliiloiiip^ i  ••••••! +   

Cnttuaoii.vc  liii.s 1...  ...I.. .1 

Lota  lota  iiiaciiUMU +   K-J '...     ;      I    4-     (     ...     .'    

Totals 24     5    17    U      4';!     ...lois    U      il      5       'J      H      0       a      H      8     4 


H     +1. 


U     7     8 


+  i  + 
S    11 


XBtom>i;atii>u  iiiarkH  iu  ili*'  tuMi-  Hi;^iiit'v  that  tln'  H]H'i'ii'.4  ar»  |iiiilialilv  t'luiiiil  at  ilie  luralitiuH  iuUicuted,  but  were  uot 
taken  by  hh' 


120 


lU'LLKTIN'    Ol'    THK    UNITi:!)    STATKS    FISH    COMMISSION. 


OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  SPECIES  OBTAINED  AND  TH       mfg. 
RELATION  OF  THE  DIFFERENT  RIVER  FAUNiE  EXAMINED  TO  EACH  OTHKR 

Six  of  tilt'  si\ty-fiv('  specit's  ohtaiiiod  arc  foiiiitl  oii  both  tlic  cast  ami  west  sin 
of  the  coiitiiiciit,  l'(iiitost)'ii.s  Jonldiii,  Ci»riio)iHH  irilliainsoiii,  Snlnin  iiiiihiss,  Catoslniii 
catostinints,  Snirfliinis  iiaiiiaiiciisli,  l.ota  muritUtxn.  {h'liiiiiclithifs  tliilcis  is  rcconlcti  Tn 
tlie  Pa<'iti('  Slope.     1  ohraiiicd  none.) 

Forty-two  species  were  foninl  in  the  \Vinni|)C};- system.     Tliey  are: 


r 


Acipi'iisi'i-  siiii'io. 
IrtMliinis  piinrtiiliis. 
Ii'tioliiis  ('\  jniiii'llM. 
('iir]iio(Ics  \ clil'iT. 
('MtiiKtiiiiiiis  <':itiistiMiiiis. 

CilluslOlllllS  cjiisciis. 

(jilo'^tomiis  cimimcvsDiii. 
Miixdstoiiia  iiiirroliiiii. 
Mi)\(i>t(iiiiii  MMisiiriiin. 
I'illii'|ili:ilcs  ])l(iinrl:is. 
Niitnipis  jiiriliini. 
Niptni|iis  lii'i('ri)lt>i>is. 
Nolnipis  rt'lii'iihitiis. 


Ncilropis  mcy;iilii]iH. 
Xotrniiis  si'((|iit'i'riis. 
Niitriipisji'jnniis. 
N(itro|)iH  iitlii'rinoiiles. 
i>liinii'litii\s  (liilriN. 
II\li(>|isi'.  stiinMiaiiiis. 
(oiii'siiis  ilissiiiiillH. 
riiityjroliio  jjiMi'ilis. 
Iliiidoli  iiloMoiili'S. 
Ilioiloii  Icinisiis. 
( 'iiri'.u;i>iiiis  \villi:iiiisoni. 
Salino  iiiykisH. 
Sahi'liiiiis  naiiiiiyi'usli. 
I'rrcopsis  iiiittiitus. 


1,114'iiis  liicius. 
I'\  ^Kstt'iis  )iiiii;;if  iiiN. 
KiKMlia  iiii'iMiHlMiis. 
l^tliiMiNtiiiiia  ^iinllii'i'i. 
KtlHMisioina  as)ir<i. 
I'.tlirostoiiia  iii<;i'iiiii. 
MtlK'iisliiiiia  iiiwii'. 
Kllii'ostoina  i|iia)ip<'lli'. 
I'crra  lla\  csrciiH. 
Sti/ii>ti'(lii>ii  caiiailt'iisc  ; 
Sli/ostfilioii  vilri'iiiii. 
ApliMliiioliis  •^riiniiiciis. 
Coitus  (Miycliiis. 
I.ota  Iota  iiiaciilosa. 


NOli'opis  (li'liridsiis. 

I'-ijrlit  of  these  species  were  IoiiimI  in  the  SasUarchewan  and  not  in  the  Ked  l;i\ 
They  arc: 

('aliistiiiiius  i;ris<Mis.                   ('(uicsiiis  <lissiinilis.  lOtlicostmria  iowii-. 

N«itnii)is  jiii'ilaiii.                         (Dirijiiniis  williaiiisDiii,  Cottiis  oiiyi'lnis. 
IJIiiiiiilitliys  iliilris.                   .Saliiu)  iiiykiss. 

Sixteen  s])ecies  were  taken  in  the  Ifcd  Ifiverof  the  North  and  iM»t  in  the  SasUn; 

cwan.     Many  of  these  will  probably  be  fonnd  in  the  Saskatchewan   when  its  In 
waters  are  exaniined : 

Xiitroi)is  (Icliiiosus.  FJlicdstoiiia  aspn). 

Niitiopis  iii(>,i;al"pM.  I'.tluMistoiiia  iiiiiniin. 

Ilylioiisis  stdrt'iiaiiiis.  I'tlicostoina  (|iiappi>ll<'. 

I'yitosii'iis  piiiiLjitiiis.  I'crca  lla\  t'sccns. 

Ililu'iistoiiia  u;iiiiili<M'i.  Ai)lii(liiu)l  lis  •iTiiniiiciis. 


Aciprnsir  stiuin. 
Ictiiiliiis  (  ypriiiclla. 
MoxostoMia  aiii'cohiin. 
Mnviistoiiia  aiiisiinini. 
NotiKpis  lii'ii'iiiUpis. 
Notropis  rctiiulatiis. 

riic  seventeen  species  taken  in  the  Missouri  are  a  ;  follows: 


Niptn)i>is  allicrimiidc-i. 
Ixliiiiii'lithys  iliilcis. 
Coiicsiiis  (lissiiiiilis. 
I'latyjiiibii)  u;iaiilis. 
lliodoii  alnsdidcs. 
(  ciriifdiiiis  williaiiisoni. 


'I"liymalliis  .siii;iiifiT  oiitai  !■ 
I'.iit'alia  iiicoiistaiis. 
Sti/(ist<'di(>ii  canadt'iisc  yi  i- 
( 'ottiis  liairdi  puiictiilaiii- 
I.ota  lota  inai'iilosa. 


Not  urns  llavns. 
Carpiodcs  \  clil't'r. 
Catostoimis  ijristMis. 
( 'alostomiis  coiiinirl'soiii. 
Miixostoiiia  aiii't'oliiiii. 
Ilyliot;iiatliiis  placita. 

Of  these.  Inir  two  s\)Vi'h'<.  {liliiiiiclitliiis  diilcis  and  I'lntift/ohio  t/ntcilix)  iWf  i 
both  at  I'oplar  and  at  <'iai,i;'.  'riiirtceii  of  the  species  taken  in  the  Missonri  aiei 
in  the  Saskatchewan  basin. 

The  s|>ecicsof  the  Saskatchewan,  with  the  cxccjition  of  the  new  species.  li;iv 
been  taken  in  the  ^[ississippi  basin.  Tlie  Saskatchewan  basin,  therefore,  can  !■ 
se])arated  from  tin-  .Mississippi  basin  by  any  positive  characters. 


I 
T 

A 
(' 
(• 
I- 
A 
A 
A 
M 

Til 

C: 

M 

I't 

Tin 
also  foi 
Coltiml 

Se\ 
from  til 

ST 

Ah 
theAtI; 
niodilieJ 
rays  oi'  I 
into  tspil 
in  soniel 
slope  s] 
ber  of  s| 
were  it 
The  m< 
from  til 
aside  fij 

Thf 
areun(J 
unable  I 
rivers 


Thi 
theae  fail 


'  Not  I'ouinl  in  tlir  \\  iiiiiipi'ii  systi'iii 


)  AND  TH      are: 
■I  OTHl.R 


EM'I.OUATIONS    LN    WKSTKUN    CANADA,    l.TC.  121 

Tho  fiimilii's  Ml"  tin-  >rississjpi»i   liiisin  not   y<-t  t'oiiiiii  in  tin'  Siiskiitrlu'wau  l)iisiii 

1.    I.i>!iisiislil(l:i'.  •"'•    Ali|l>lvii)>siil,f.  !•.    A(lliTilliil;i-. 


ll  west  sill                   '.'■  Aiiiii.la.'.  '••  t'.vi.riiio.li.iiti.l;!'.  in.   Aplire.lo.lfii.lM'. 

,,<'atostn,                  ;V  (•ln,,..i.lx.  T.   nn..n.i...  11.  S,.,.n.n..l:... 

'           ,      ,    .                        4.    l)()r..s..|iii.l:r.  •'^     Alliruillhlir. 

'conu'tl  111 

Twenty  two  .sporinicns  were  tiikcu  in  tlic  ( '(tlnnil>i;i.     'Plicy  arc: 

.■Vniiiiooii'tfs  triilciiiiitin.  I'tycliochi'iliiM  orfiiaiiriisis.  .'^alvrliiiiis  iiiMiia.vrnsli. 

Cut  (Hi  I II II  us  (II  tost  on  Ills.  l,»MiriHciis  atiarins.  <  Iiicoi'IiviiiIiiih  t  sol  i.iwvi  sella. 

CaliiHtdiiiiis  iiiai'r(>i'li('ilii>.  I.i'iirisciis  Iiyilrii|>lilii\.  Ciililinliia  traiisiiiniilaiia. 

'""*•                                  l'aiilii.-<l('ii-<  jdiilani.  l.ciicisciix  lialtcatiis  lateralis.  Cottiis  asper. 

""•                                       Aeroelieiliis  aliitaeeii».  Col-ejLronils  willianisiuii.  Cdtliis  rlmtlieiis. 

'"'"•                                Ajfosia  iiiiliila.  Coreijoiiiis  eniilleri.  Cottils  ]iliil(iiiips. 

"•                                      A;rii>ia  t'aleala.  SmIimc  iii\  kiss.  ,   [.ota  lota  iiiaeiilos,!. 
'""•                                          Mvloelielllls  enillllMlN. 
e. 


p])elle 


Till'  (('II  .sjiccii's  t;ik«'ii  ill  tin'  I' rase      ystt'in  an-: 

Catd.stomiis  inaeidclieiliis  l.eiieisriis  li:,  IcmIiis.  Salmo  iiiykiss. 

iileiise  liii-i'  ,       .\u(isia  I'aleata  sliiisw  ap.  l,i>iieisiiis  Ualteatiis  lateralis  <  liieorliviK'liiis  tseliawvlselin. 

.,>,i,ii_  Myloelieihis  caiiriiiiis  Coresioiiiis  williaiiisoiii.  Cot  tils  Msper. 

iinii'iis.  l'tyeli(ielieiliisiin't;oiieiisis. 

But  one  variety.  .[(/osIk  /'nlctitu  slnisir<i[}.  was  t'oiind  in   tlic   i''ra.s»'r  tliat  was  !■  )t 
'"*•'•  also  ((iiukI   ill   (he  ("oluinbia.     [  Ltiicisoin  Imltcatns  has  been  taken   by  otliers  in   f.ie 

le  Keil  i;i\     Columbia  system.) 

Several  s|>eries  of  Oiicitrliifiirliu.i  and  Aciitnisi  r  an'  known  I'loni  tlie  roluniliia  and 
kie.  from  the  Fraser  whiili  are  not  included  in  these  iiuinbers. 


the  Saskii! 
then  its  In 


STRUCTURAL  PECULIARITIES  OF  THE  FRESH- WATRR  FISHES  OF  THE 

PACIFIC  SLOPE. 


Almost  every  fainily  of  tishes  iiaxiii,!;'  representatives  in  the  fresh  waters  of  b<yth 
the  Atlantic  and  tlu^  i'acifu"  slopes  has  one  or  mine  of  its  Pacilic  slope  representatives 
nioditied  in  one  or  the  other  of  two  directions:  There  is  either  a  laryer  niiinber  of 
laiipell''-  rays  or  spiiM's  in  one  or  m(»re  of  the  tins,  or  some  of  the  rays  hav(^  become  modilied 

n^'-  into  spines.      The  largest  number  of  either  thnsal  or  anal  rays  is  almost  always  found 

rmiiueiis.  ^^  sotiift  Pacilicsloi»e  sjM'cies,  and  the  ran^(M)l' variation  is  always  <^icater  in  the  I'acilic 

slope  species  than  in  the  .Vtlautic  slope  sp«'cies  of  the  same  family.  altlioii;;h  the  num- 
ber of  species  is  usually  less.     In  most  cases  the  dilVereiices  are  Just  percei)tiiile,  and, 
int.  r  oiitni!       ^ereit  not  for  tlie  consensus  of  dillereiices  in  all  <;ronps  tliey  would  .stand  for  nttthinj;'. 

,'  The  most  mai  Ued  dinerences  are  foand  in  those  fishes  wlii<li  are  "■enericallv  distinct 

iiatleiisi'  j:i  i~'  . 

)tiiutiilatii-       from  their  Atlantic  slope  relatives.     In  sev«'ral  ca.ses  these  moditicatioiis  themselves, 
ilosa.  aside  fro  III  all  others,  are  of  ji'eiieiic  imiiortance,  as  in  tlu^  jj^enera  Arrhoplitrs,  Mnhi, 

Lepidomt'ld,  ('ulioiihia,  ami  the  siibueuus  h'irlianlsuniiis. 
(•(■/('.s')  arc  1  The  modilications  of  the  same  set  of  orjjaiis  beiiij;"  practically  of  the  .same  iii'ture, 

sstmriaici      are  umpicstionably  «lne  to  one  dclinite  cause.     What  that   cau.se  is   1   am  at  present 

unable  to  sa\.  A  comparatively  sliort  swift  watercourse,  as  most  of  the  I'acilic, 
species,  h;i\  rivers  have.  sufjj;;ests  itself  at  once,  but.  as  will  be  seen  under  the  head  of"  Liical 
'fore,  can  i     -- 

The    l'i-lii)iiiii:oiiliilii    and   Cfiilriiiiliiiln  were   not    .seiureil   l)y  me,  liiit    .Mr.  .V.  .1.  Woolniiiii   toiiud 
theM  families  in  tlu'  Inailw-iters  ot'  the  h'eil  Uiver  system. 


pro. 
trrnni 


9, 


122 


Bl'LLETIN  of  tiik  united  states  fish  commission. 


Viiriiitlons,"  tin*  iiiiinber  of  rays  in  tln'so  streams  (U'<;ioas«'s  with  the  altitiulf  iim: 
swiftness  of  the  stiraiii.  .Moreover,  tiie  I'acilie  streams  of  South  Aineriea  have  Ntil 
slioiter  ami  presumably  still  swifter  streams,  ami  no  such  modi fieatious  are  seen  ii 
the  fishes  inhabiting-  these  waters. 

The  most  striking  ease,  that  of  Lrncisciis  {/{iclidnlsonius)  is  explained  uiore  full 
in  the  eliapter  on  loi-al  variations.  In  tiie  subjjfen  is  liicltartlsoinHfi,  vnufiiml  to  tli. 
Columbia  and  to  the  Kraser  systems,  the  nundu'r  of  anal  rays  varies  from  IL'  to  :" 
an  inerease  of  fnnn  1'  ti>  l."»  rays  over  Lciiriscm,  sonie  of  who.se  species  have  aN 
reached  the  headwaters  of  the  Cohunbia,  but  who.se  Jisiial  habitat  is  the  Atliiiii: 
slope.  The  jjenus  Oiirorln/iwIiiiH  has  a  similar  increase  of  anal  rays  over  Sahiio  mii 
iSidfcliinis,  wiiicli  are  jU'enera  of  wider  distribution,  some  of  the  spe«'ies  beiiiff  fuiii; 
on  the  Atlantic,  sonn- on  tlie  I'aciHe,  and  some  on  both  slopes.  On  the  other  liaii 
TIii/iiikUus  has  a  laruer  number  of  dorsal  rays  than  any  racilie  slope  species. 

The  clianj-e  fiom  rays  to  s])ines  is  seen  in  Arrhoplitcx.  Molo,  etc.  It  is  inn- 
•strikinjjly  marked  in  tiie  chan.t>'e  from  Pircopnis  to  Vithimhia,  the  only  known  j>eiic; 
of  t'.ie  l*rrcnps(ibv.  The  former  is  conlined  to  tlie  Atlantic;,  the  latter  to  the  Parii 
slope.  In  tiie  former,  feelde  unse<>,ineuted  rays  at  the  besinninji  of  th«'  dorsal  and 
the  anal  are  deveiopi'il  inti)  stron.i;-  sjiines  in  the  latter.  Long  ago  Prof.  Cojii 
noficed  a  similar  m  (litication  as  to  sjjines  in  Mvda.     I'rof.  Cojie  says: 

As  ciiii!  of  till' iii'ist  valiiiible  results  derivcil  froiii  ;i  .study  ot"  tlie  i-ollectioiis,  it  jiiipear.s  tli:it  i 
ba.siii  l)f■tllt^  Coloriiili)  Uivcr  is  tins  liiibitiit  of  ii  isinall  j;rou|>  of  lislics  of  tlie  fauiily  ^'upriiiidii;  which  in 
lie  (mIIi'iI  tlir  I't.ttiophnn  r.  wliicli  eiiibiM^cs  tlircc  jri-iici-ii  — /'/<(r/(>y(/c(».'(  Cope,  l.i'indomvihi  ('op*',  iind  .1/ 
Giriird.  The  ni'oup  dillVrs  IVdmi  others  oi  tiie  I'uinily  in  the  ))osscssioii  of  two  stron;;  osseous  i:iy- 
tliedi)rsMl  (in,  tlii',  pistcriar  of  wliicli  is  let  into  !i  groove  in  the  hinder  lace  of  the  anterior  wiilii 
lieiiij;  coiissilicil  with  it,  tiiiis  coustitutinj;  a  coiiipoiiiid  defensive  Kj)ine.  The  rays  of  the  veiiti;il: 
^xce|)tinij  till'  first  anil  sfiDUil.  are  siiuilarl,\  iiiodilied.  The  greater  jiart  of  tiieir  length  eoiisisl. 
an  osseous  dagiicr-shain'il  spine,  with  ,nioo\  cd  postericu' cd!;e,  which  overlaps  the  border  of  the  suicr 
inif  ray,  Avlicii  the  tiu,  like  a  fan,  is  closed  up.  Tlie  arliiMilated  jiorlion  of  the  ray  either  einer<>cs  li 
the  groove  below  the  fren  acute  ajjcx  of  the  spine,  or  a|)]»cars  ;is  a  coiitinuation  of  the  apt^x  it- 
*  '  ■"  IntiU'est  attaclu^s  to  the  I'Ui'iHjitiriniv  as  the  only  typ(!  of  lishes  not  known  from  other  wiii- 
than  those  of  the  Colorado  and  Sail  Luis  basins. 

An  interesting  i-ondition  is  .seen  in  llystrrinaipm,  tlie  only  fresh  water  gemi> 
the  I'Jinhiotorithv.  It  is  conlined  to  the  Sacramento  IJasin  and  has  Hi  to  18  dorsal  spin 
as  compared  with  8  to  11  in  the  many  marine  geneni,  rnfortunately  this  is  the  m 
available  e.\ami)le  of  the  chiiiige  from  salt  to  fresh  water. 

I  give  here  a  detailed  comparison  of  the  rays  of  the  I'acilic  tishes  as  coiiij 
with  their  Atlantic  relatives,  from  which  it  will  be  seen,  as  stated  above,  that  in  c\ 
family  the  modification  is  noticeable,  although  in  many  cases  it  is  minute.     As  tli 
possible  the  western  iind  eastern  representatives  of  the  same  forms  are  placed  oppn 
to  each  other. 

ACIPKNSKUIU.K. 


iiii 


Species 


Acipi'ii.si'i'  IrJiiisinoQtiiiiiis. . 
Aci|M'ii.sci'  iiicilii'Dsti'i.v 


!      Pacific  t 

ilnpc. 
Anal.     1 

2H-:t() 

22  M 

Species. 

Atliiiiti), 

slope. 

1   Uorsid. 

^   Duraul.  i 

Anal. 

1 
44-4S 

:i3-:).') 

1 

'  Acipcnscr  stiiiio 

Acipciiscr  riilticiiiHliis 

\  Acii»eiiser  hrevirostris  .  .. 

1 

38 

■Ar, 

41 

27 
20 
22 

*  Cope  &   Yarrow,  Wheeler's  Surveys,  chapter  vi,  Report  upon  the  Collections  of  Fishes  iii. 
in  p')rtion9  of  Nevada,  Utah,  California.  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  aiid  Arizona. 


^j^^Hj;  I 


titndt'  iiiK 
a  have  stil 
are  seen  u 

I  molt'  lull 
iiied  t(t  til 

II  lU  to  :; 
s  have  ;\N 
tlie  Atlaiiii 
r  Suhtnt  ;iii 

being  tV>iir 
other  liai 
li'ies. 

It  is  111(1- 

lowii  geiifi 

>  the  I'iicii 

ilorsal  1111(1 

Prof.  CdiK 


EXi'LOKATlONS   IN    WE^iTEUN    CANA1>A,  ETC. 

(ATOSTdMlK.K. 

[  Lowluinl  .<i)c'i;i(M  wiilrli  li;ivc  ind  \>rv\\  iilili-  ti)  iniss  llii-  Kotky  Mountiiins. 
I'm  itir  .sl(i|ii'. 


123 


SprriiH. 


Uursiil.        Anal. 


>liurn>!). 


i     V 


Not  ri'iin  SI  iitiil  (111  I'ui'itic    i 

Slll|l)-.  ' 


Ii'tiiiliiiH  .. 
Cyi'lDptiw 


CiiliiHltimiiiii . 


\     I'lllllllSll'llS   . 
I    ( 'iltdStnlllUs. 

I   Xyiiuiclit'ii  . 

CIlUHIIliHteH  . 


10-I'J     r;llll(i.sli'll»  .., 

l(l-l'i     <';ltn>t<illillH.  .  . 

r-'-i.'"  II  v|ii'iiti'iiiiiii . 

11  rj  Ki  iiiiv/.iiii 

.Miiivlrciiiu  ... 


J/wMx/ioiii/lri . 


Kdt   ri'|ilr»illlril    nil     r.ii  itii 
h1ii|h-. 


MiiMi.stiiiiia. . . 

I'llll  OJlllllI'VIIX 

(jiiaHHiliibiu... 


Atlautir  hIii)ii-. 
Dorxnl.        Atiiil. 


21-30 


9-1 -J 

ii-r.' 

mil 

Ki-r.i 

1-' 


r.'-i5 
rj 


7- HI  I 


i|i]iuai's  tli;it  I 
lidiv,  whicli  11) 

('ope,  and  .1/ 
;■  DsstMHis  l;i,v- 
luti'iior  w  iilx 
'  the  veiitial 
until  I'onsisi- 
r  of  the  HiK  (■(■ 
ler  L'liierK''-*  H 

the  iipt^x  it- 
loiii  other  \v;i' 

water  geinb 
5  dorsal  si)iii' 
his  is  the  (jl 

s  as  coiiii'iii 
.»,  that  ill  I'vi 
ite.  As  till 
[)hice<l  opixi" 


tic  slope. 


Anal. 


18  of  Fishes 


Tlie  Ci(tost(nninii'  piestiiit  oiui  ttt'  tlit^  casi-s  which,  if  foiuid  alone,  would  not  Ix-ar 
evidence  either  in  one  or  the  other  direction.  The  average  number  of  rays  is  slightly 
larger  on  tlie  Paiiific  side  and  th)  higli'.'st  number  of  rays  is  also  found  on  the  l*ac  tic 
slope.    The  Tctiobi air  and  Mo.rostomimv  are  not  ic])resoated  on  the  Pacific  slojie. 

(  VI'IMNID.K. 
['I'lio  aju'Cics  .sliiiwiaj;  an  increat*! d  iiiiiiilit.'i  of  ravs  on  I'illuT  .slnpt'  arc  in  italic] 


,2-* 


Ai'nichiulttg  . 
Oi'tliiiiliin  ... 
Lmiiiiti 


Tiariina. 


Kliinii'litlivM. 
A^osia  ...... 

Hvlmp.sis 


I''iiiiiiiifhtli>i.i 

Myliiclii'iliiH 

MyliiplianMlmi. .. 
I'tyi;lic»lii'iliis 

^lila 

Lell^i^^l'.ll.s. 

I liifhardnoiniiit)  I  . 

(Tijjonial 

{Si/liilUlll) , 

iChfiiiiilii) 

MvloU'Uciis 


Liixnlinna... 
I.Hpiiloniuda  . 
MimIu 


I'arifli'  sliipi'. 
lli)l>.al.         .Ui.il. 


10 


111 


H 
ri  III-  'J 

8 


h 
or  I) 
!>-lli 


lil-ll 
11,7 
II," 


1-J 


8 

H 

« 

8  9 

0-10 

li)-l!2 

8 

8   Id 

7-10 

7-8 


11 

0 

8-10 


(ii'iirra. 


0      Canipoatonia. 


(  linmonins 

Oxyyeiiriiiii  

H\  liojrnathiis.. 

TiniciiliiiU'.t 

Kxii;,'lossiini  . .. 
Ciii'lilii;;natlni.s 

Cliiila.. 

yutropijt 

Kiizynilia 

I'lii'iiai'oliiiis... 
ItliiniclilbvH... 


Hybopsis. . . 
CoiH'siiis  . . 
l'laty;;oliio 
Sfinlitilua  . 


LcnriscUH. 
{Clinnitoiiiui)  .. 

( Titjoinat 

[S'liialins) 

(Cliciiniliii  

MyliileiHiis 

llpSlipO'lllIllH 

Heuiiti'finia 

Xvteini'junnii 


Atlantic  slopf. 
Dorsal.        Anal. 


8 


7-8 


7-8 


8 

7-8 

',  8 

8 

8 

( 

8 

0-7 

8 

1 

or!) 

'--U 

8 

8 

8 

1 

8 

1 

8 

8 

8 

7-8 

8 

8 

or  8 

7-8 

8-9 

8-9 

8-0 

8 

U 

8 

8 

1 

8 

8 

0 

8 

8 

a 

8-10 

il-U 

'  14  iu  onu  »p»ci(i%,  iimially  7-0,  in  a  lev.  10-12.        t  In  this  count,  the  two  rmlimuutiiry  spinos  lire  omiited. 


124 


BULLETIN   OF   THK    UNITED    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


SAI..M()NII».K. 


(irlllTil. 


I'lliillc  mImiio.         il 

Doritiil.       Aiiiil.     I 


Atlantic  Hliipe, 
DiirHiil.    I    Anal. 


()ni'i>rli,\  iii'liii  t . 

.'^alino  

Siilvfliinix 


!t-Il  i:i-17      Snimo 

ll-rj  1(1-11'      Salvi'liiiiiH  . . 

il  ;  U-U    I    riiviiialhis*. 


I 


11-1'.'  10 

lt)-i:i  I         !»-1i 
•M  I  11 


♦  ThymiilUii  i<  |inpli;il>ly  iiii  IJiniiiOiiii  clriiicnl  in  the  Ka«lrrn  I'lMiiia 
CVrRINDKOXTID.E. 

This  fiiinily  of  about  rtfry  .spccio.s  i.s  roproseiited  on  the  Pacific  slo]ie  by  but  Ion: 
species.  Many  of  the  foniis  are  inariiie  and  only  occasionally  enter  fresh  water.  T 
this  class  belonjjfs  the  only  species  of  Fm«</«/«.«  found  on  the  Pacific  slope.  Leaviii; 
this  out  of  consideration,  we  have  ViipriuoiUn  hailcifi  from  the  Pacific  slope,  with  iw, 
more  anal  rays  than  any  other  Ci/priiiotloti,  but  with  two  less  than  the  highest  nuinlMi 
in  FiindiilKs,  and  Kinintrich(ln/s  with  anal  rays  eiiual  to  the  highest  in  the  family; 


(Icucra. 


f 'v|iriiiiHl(>ii . 
Fiiiiiliilii.t... 


Giranliims 

Em|»'trii'litli,vs 


I'nuitic  slii)i<^. 


Diirsal.        Atinl. 


10  lii-i:i 

13  .  11 


ll-i:i 


1.1-1.- 


(Jiiii'ia. 


Joidaiiclla    ,     T.  10-17 

Cyiiriiiipilnn 

Fiiiiiliiliis 

Zyfimicitrs 

I.iicania  

(iaiiiliiisiii 

.Miilliinctiia 

I'dcilia 

(iiniiiliiiiis 


AtlHiiti 

<■  hIo]ip. 

Dorsal. 

Anal. 

T. 10-17 

1,11-13 

1(1-12 

10-11 

10-17 

8-1,5 

7-11 

8-U 

9-i;t 

9-11 

fi-0 

7-11 

i:i 

1 

7 

4 

t 

9 

(iASTKKOSTEID.K. 


Tlie  s]H'ciesof  those  genera  of  (htstcrosfchhr  having  rei)resentatives  on  liotl:  sl(i 
are  iriveii  in  detail: 


Spcrii'S. 

I'aiitii-  slop.'. 

Spciics, 

.Vtlantic  Hlopi'. 

Dorsal.              Anal. 

Dor.sal.              Aniil. 

rytjostriis  liiailiy|iii(l 

(J.  calaiiliracliis 

(r.  Illi(  TOCC'lllialllS 

1 

a.                \M.10            I,  111 

III.  ll-l:i     l.iJorUi 

III,  !l  i:i            I.   IP 

IIII         111             I     7 

Pyi:o.-<tiii,s  pun^'iliii.H  .. 
1  iastrrostrnm  aciilcatus 

VIItoIX-I.!t               1.9 

lll.UtolU      I,  Dor  10 

III.        11              1,    8 

111,10-1;;             1,    8 

III,  1'-'             1,    8 

IV,  1-1(1             1,1(1 
III.I.       11              I,    8 

(1.  w-|n:itlan(li 

(  i.  llilllilliiltllM 

KiKalia  iiiroiistanH 

Apclti's  (piailracns 

i                   1 

In  Pi/iiosfrnx  hraclij/poild  we  have  an  inciea.se  of  one  spine  over  the  maxiiin: 
number  in  Atlantic  specimens  (P!i!f<)stcit.s  piduiitlus).  In  the  genus  (iastircst' ns  ^ 
infiueiice  is  evident  except  in  ({.  iciUiHuimni,  in  whicli  there  is  an  increase  of  o' 
dorsal  s[tine. 


EXl'LORATIONii    IN    Wi:STi:UN   CANADA,   ETC. 


125 


<  KN  rUARCIIin.K 


10 

-11 
II 


Tlin  fiuiiily  dentrnrchiil  I'  ort'frs  ;iii  ii]>i»iin'iit  (;vei)ti()ii,  since  siniie  ot'tlu^  jUencMof 
thisfiimily  have  iniicli  loii^jcr  liii>i  than  the  only  I'aeiUc  slope  represeatatixi'.  as  indi- 
cated hy  the  foUowing  tabh*: 

llliliilii-  uliijir  i/iiniii  irilliiiiil  1 1  jin  >•!  iilit'h  I  s  mi  llii   I'aiijif  itli'jti . 


y  but  Inn: 
water.  T 
Leaviii;. 
p,  with  l\V(, 
est  nniiilii; 
faniily: 


OpUtTll. 


I)iir.Hiil. 


Aniil. 


(Viitrairliim    XI<.rXII.I-J •  VII  cir  VIM,  ir.. 

I'liniciviM Vl-vm,15 '  VI.  IH. 

Clii'iiiiliiMlim X. (tor  10 Ill.Hi.rH. 

Aiinitliiirrlius VI.  MP W  ID 

KiiiMiu'aiilliii.H '    '.(iiXiS-U Ill   IV.ti-l{]. 

Ml•sl(l;(lnislill^ \,  HP III.  I'J. 

h.-poiPPi'' X.lit  r.' III.U-U. 

Mi<r<i|iluipps X.  l:i 111,12. 


But  a  einiipaiisoii  of  Arvlioplifrs  with  its  nearest  .Vtlaiitic  slupe  rehitive  j-ives  tiie 
folloNviiij:  interest  in  f>-  leMilts: 


•lie. 
Liinl. 


11-13 
10-11 
8-15 
«-U 
O-U 
T-U 
7 
4 
U 


u  lioth  sldi"'! 


A II  III, 

I.!t 

I,n<>rlO 

1,    8 

1.    8 

I.    H 

I,  IIP 

1,    8 


LiK-iilil  y  ;iMii  .spfc  ii'S. 


Hill  Mill. 


Aiiul. 


.\ri  lin|iliii  >  iiiliiriiiiliis X  HI.  Ill  '   \  II.  !ii 


Atlaiilir  sill 

Aiiililiiplilin  I  Ujir.stiis XI,  10 


VI,  lU 


(rivinji'  ail  increase  of  2  spines  in  tiie  dirsul  and  of  1  spine  in  tlie  anal  tor  tiie 
Pacilic  s!oi)e  as  eoinpaieil  with  tlie  nearest  allied  species,  and  an  absolnt*;  jiain  of  1 
dorsal  spine  ovt.'r  all  tlic!  otiic:'  j-eneia  of  this  family.  As  the  coinparison  on.uht  obvi- 
ously ti)  he  limited  li»  thos(>  ijeiier.i  or  closely  related  it'eiiera  having:''  representatives 
on  both  sides,  the  contrast  (l)et\v«'en  vl*v7/(»^>//7r,s  and  AinhlopliUH)  is  very  striking. 


the  maxiiiiii 
(tstircst' »''  ■ 
crease  <•!'  *" 


(•iiTTiii.i:. 


In  tliis  genus  the  duisal  and  anal  lays  in  dirt'erent  spci-ies  are  as  follows: 


^Jirrlis. 


I'lii'ilii   .sli)))r 


Alluiitir  itlopi'. 


S]MM-it-S 


Diir.sal. 


as)>(  T 


VIII,  I\,nr  \. 

■jii. 

I  '.  srlliiscaiil'l  \'I  I.  lis 

,  ( '.  cent  i'<p|iii:ii IIS A'  1 1 1.  17 

j  C.  ili.itliciiH VIII,  !.•) 

C.  Iioiiilir.i \  111    li;  

f.  lliai  L;iliallls VIII    I.-'    

I,  'ilnl. mills     \  111.  I'.i 

r.  iMhliui-'i VI-\11I,  l,j-18. 


IM 

II 
11 
II 


(• 

(' 
(' 
(• 
(', 
IJ  (' 
I.')     r. 


\II,II1,I7 


liainli 

.  ipi;iialii> \  1 1 1,  Ifi  . 

spilMtii-   \  1 1 1,  17  . 

|Mi||iraris 

viscoslls 

:;riMllis VIII.  l(i. 

•jdiioiilis VII,  17  .. 

l.i.lcoidrs VIII.  17. 

Iraiikliiii  ...: VIII,  17. 


VII,  lit 
VI   18. 


Anal. 


12V 
14' 


It 


' 

',  riiniiiisiis 

...    VIII 
...     All 

It; 

11 

11    j 

A  vi'iam'    .  . 

Av,..a-r 

.  ,         \- 1 1  1 

17,i  .    .- 

14  ■ 

...     VII. 

17 

12. 

126 


HULLETIN    OF   THE    I'NITEU   STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


Sl'MMAin    <»!•'    rilE    1''(>UE(J(»IN(S    COMI'AUISONS. 

1.  T\n'  ViUiitU',  . I npcnticr  transmontiiu US  hii"^  a  iiiiixiiiiiiiii  of  7  iiinii^  tlursal  ijiys 
than  iiiiy  (»f  the  Atlantic  spccirs. 

2.  In  tlie  VntostoiitltUv,  wc  have  tli(>  fjcuiis  Xi/niiiclini  with  I  to  2  inoio  rays  tlmn 
any  of  tlic  Atlantic  {,'i'neiii  of  (latostDiniiKr  an<l  the  jicnns  (JatoHtomus  with  sl»('(ll^ 
havinj;  2  more  (h)isal  rays  than  any  of  the  Atlantic  species  of  the  same  frenus. 

.$.  lnth(^  ('yiniiivla\  Lepitlomola  ami  Mnlx  ditfer  from  all  other  American  specio 
in  the  (leveiojjment  of  spines  in  the  dorsiil  lin.  The  <;enera  Arrocliciliis,  Lnrinia. 
Poiionichtlu/s,  (Hid,  and  the  snbj;enera  h'iclitirdsoiiius,  S(iualiiis,  and  Cliroiida  all  luiv. 
more  rays  than  then-  Atlantic^  relatives.  The  <;reatest  absohite  piin  in  the  nund)er  i<\ 
rays  over  all  Atlantic  slope  spcieles  amounts  sometimes  to  S  rays.  To  offset  this  w. 
have  only  some  sjieoies  of  A^«>^>v>/;/,s' and  Notcm'ujonm  with  rays  exceeding  the  usual 
number  on  tlie  I'acilic  slope.     In  this  family  both  the  modilications  are  found. 

4.  In  the  Sahiionithv,  the  species  of  the  ;jenus  Onotrliyiichun  have  13  to  17  anal  r.iy> 
while  thehij;host  number  in  the  Atlatitic  species  leaches  no  more  than  11  rays. 

Tlu/inaUiis,  on  the  other  hand,  has  a  larger  number  of  dorsal  rays  than  any  otlici 
Anu'rican  salmonoid. 

■~>.  In  the  PercopNiihv,  tlie  fecbh',  armature  of  PercnpHix  is  ehaiiged  into  the  stnui; 
spines  of  (JoUtmhla. 

(5.  In  the  (rdsteroxtrida;  I'l/fiosteiis  hrachi/podK  and  (ittnttroxfciis  irillioinsoiii  linw 
each  1  more  dorsal  spine  than  any  of  their  Atlantic  contjeners. 

7.  In  the  Cvntianh'uUv  we  have  an  absolute  gain  ot  1  dorsal  spine  over  iii 
Atlantic  slope  genera,  while  the  gain  is  2  dorsal  spines  and  I  anal  spine  in  ArchopliU 
as  compared  with  its  nearest  relative  AiHhloplifrs. 

5.  Finally  in  the  Cottithv,  ('off us  ((sper  reaches  a  higher  number  of  dorsal  spiin 
and  rays  and  of  anal  rays  than  is  ever  reached  in  the  numerous  Atlantic  slope  spccii 
of  this  genus.  Tlui  average  number  of  dorsal  spines  is  I  more  on  the  L^aeitie  slii|i. 
than  on  the  Atlantic  slope,  while  the  average  number  of  anal  rays  is  higher  by  2. 

These  data  fully  warrant  the  statement  made  at  the  beginning  of  this  chapteitli 
"  almost  every  family  of  tishes  havii  g  representatives  in  the  fresh  waters  of  both  lii 
Atlantic  and  the  I'aeilic  slopes  has  one  or  more  of  its  representatives  modified  in  on 
or  the  other  of  two  directions:  Tiiere  is  either  a  larger  number  of  rays  or  spinc> ;: 
the  tins,  or  some  of  the  rays  have  become  modified  into  spines.'' 


bxte; 

DIl 
OF 

Vi 

obtain 


fl 


C' 


8ii 


<:\ 


•For  J 
♦  Orilf 

Illtl 

and  rav.> 


gJ 


C. 


^1 


RXri.oKATIONS    IN    VVKS'IKRN    CANADA,    ETC. 


127 


»rsiil  vav's 

riiys  tliaii 
;h  sptM  ii> 
us. 
ail  spi'cicv 

H,  Lit  rill  id. 
a  all  liiiv< 

llUlllluM'  Hi 

;ot  tliis  \vi 
the  usual 
11(1. 

I  anal  r.i,v> 
rays. 
I  any  otiic; 

I  the  stroll; 

Dusoni  hav 

JO   over  111 
An'hoplih 

orsal  si)iiii 
jlope  spciii 
'aeitie  slii]" 
;her  by  -. 
chapter  til, 
•s  of  both  til 
»(lilie<l  ill  I'li 
^  or  spine>  r 


EXTENT  OF  VARIATION  BETWEEN  THE  PACIFIC  SLOPE  SPECIES  OF  THE 
DIFFERENT  FAMILIES  AS  COMPARED  WITH  THE  ATLANTIC  SLOPE  SPECIES 
OF  THE  SAME  FAMILIES. 

ITtili/iii;;  the  (lata  <'(»iiriiim'(l  in  tiif  (letail('(l   lists  in  the  jiiXM^cdiii",'  chapter,  we 
obtain  the  toll()\vin<;: 


t'ilMlll.t*!^  IlltN'ill^  lidlh   A  tl.'ltit  lr  iilii)   Pitt  irir  Sinlir  spiM'JeM. 


^VcilM'Ilseriilif  : 

llit'licst  liiiinliir  111  r.ivs 
Lowest  iiiiiiibiT  i>r  r  ivs  . 


I'ai'itll'  h||I|II'.  AtlllMllI-   rtlMpi'. 

Dnrxal.    I     Anil.         IiniMiil.         Aim!. 


llxliiif  (if  viiriiitiiiii. 


I  illonlnliiiiiM-  . 

Iliulirst  iiiiinlx'r  III'  r.i.v^  . 

I.UWI'Hl    llllllllllT  of  rit\M.. 


I'Ali'iit  111'  \  aii.'iliiiii 

('yiiiiniil;! 

lli^iirst  niiiiilti-r  lit'  rjivM  . 
I.owi-st  iiiiinliiT  III'  riiN'^t.. 


Kxtiiit  111'  viii  iatiiiii  . 


SaliiiiiiMilj' : 

lli;;lir^t  iiiinilicr  iil    iii;.  s 
Liiwi'si  iinni)ii-r  111'  nivs. 


r.xtriit  iif  >  arialiiiii. 


''viiiiiiiHliiutiil.r  : 

lli;;li<sl  imiiiliiT  nl'  iii\  s 
I  i>wt  at  uiinilii'i'  III  r.iVM. 


;i;i 

:ui 

11                27 

'•■| 

h 

«                  ■' 

r,\ 

i:i 

111  t 

111    

1 

■"»  . , . . 

;t  '  .  ... 

1 

11 

'lO 

10  ,               14  ' 

T  '               (1  I 

;i ! 

!•. 

;!              n 



- 

12  1 

IT 

11 

■2n           ti5 
11                 u 

:i 

X 

u             a 



— — ^• 

i:; 

':' 

IT            r. 

Kxti'iit  I't'  vnriatiiiii. 


*For  iili\  inns  icasons  siilil'aiiiilii's  ut'  ('•itont'iiiii'ln-  licit  t'imiiil  in  I'aiilir  wains  ;in'  nut  taki  n  iiilo  I'linsiili-rat  inn. 
f  Or  it" 'Ac  li-a\'i- out  of  riiiisiili'iMI  iir.i  Tln/.ihilhiv    wi' .iltt.iiii  ilnrsal  ]'■',:  anal  II. 

In  the  toilowing  .spiuy-rayed  tislu-s  the  ('(Miiliination  of  hif;h('st  niiiiilicr  (if  spines 
and  rays  need  not  occur  in  the  same  species: 


Families  liaving  Imtli  Atiaiilii'  ami  I'm  itir  Slii|ic  sperifs. 


Pacitir  slope.  .\il.'iiitir  hIoju'.      I 

Iloi-sal.         Anal.         linrsal.         Anal. 


GaHteriisifidan: 

]'Vj,'OStl'll.S—  i  ' 

llij.'hest  iiiiiiilii-r  of -.pint's  anil  lavs X,  1, 10  r.lO'IX.I.   0'  I.   8 


(iastiTostcns — 

liiu'hist  nuinlirr  111  spiin's  ami  raws. 
I.owfsl  uiiinliiT  III  spiin-s  ami  rays  . 


IV,  III  1.1(1      III.  i:i 

111.10  I.   7       III.  11 


I.  10 
I.    H 


I'.xti-nt  lit  \ariat ion. 


I.  :! 


Emalia IV.I.  10  i  1,10 

A  pi  Itfs  liiiai  Uisli  wattv  ol   Atlaiitir  ciiiist) IV.  U  i  I.    8 


Total  t'xtint  of  variation  in  <  lasttiostticia' VIII,   .') 


:i      V'l,  4 


Ceiitiaii  liiil.i'  loiilv  a  siu;;li-  speiimcii  t'uiiml  on  ratitiv  slnpc). 
Cuttiila': 

Hitlliest  niiinliiT  of  sjiinis  ami  rays X,  'Jn 

'  J  I.tiwfsl  niiinbcr  of  spims  ami  niyH \I!.  15 


VIII,  18 
VI,  15 


14 

il 


Extent  of  vuriatiou. 


Ill,   r. 


II,   3 


I 


128 


BULLKTIN    OF    THE    I'XITKD    STATEH    FISH    COMMISSION. 


Sin 


raiiiilv  III-  Hiilifiiiilly. 


Aripi'iiHciiilii'  ... 
('aloHtiiiiiiiiii*. . .  . 

C'\  prill iilii' 

,Siiliiiiiiiiil>r 

(',vpi'iii<Hliiiitiilii' 
(iiisli  riiyiciilii'  .. 
Ci'iitiiiiiliiilir... 
riilliilii 


I'acilii  slippi  . 
lirlirta.       SprrifH. 


:! 

5 
4 

1 
8 


.Miami 

■   H 

"i 

»'. 

1  ii'iii'ia. 

M' 

•if«. 

1 

i          2 

4 

4 

It 

•Jl 

17.'. 

4 

12 

ii 

.\l 

M)1 

It4.'i  1 

4 

7I 

!l 

1 

211 
12 

^Vc  Irani  rnmi  tlu'.sc  tublt-    nat  in  all  laiiiilies  but  the  Cypiinoilmitidn  with  iiini 

than  on«'  spnit'.s  on  tin-  Parific  sloite  the  «'.\t«'iit  of  variation  is  un'at<'i' than  in  li 

wunc  faniilii's  on  the  Atlantic  .slojir.*     This  iiiiKht  have  l»e» .xpocted  if  the  ninii>» 

of  spci-ies  were  ^-reatcidii  the  Paeilic  than  on  the  Atlantic  slope,  but  in  most  ca^  ,      .*"" 

the  reverse  is  true,  as  niav  1m'  seen  from  the  following  table:  .^®" 

variatid 

seuHe  lo 

tiie  re^rj 

I>henoin 

fiesli-w! 

basin,  li 

Atlanth 

iiiereu8e( 

offered  b 

Hu8,  whil 

For  I 

tho  Soiif 

i  Ithatnditt 

iteeuljar  t 

^emarknb 

ho  Amaz 

lave  7  do 

It  18  t 

ipecies  fo 
uy  preset 
minute  III 
lore  80  t 
iff'ereuee.' 
onceive<l 
lay  attenl 
The  pi 
-miua,    t! 
ver  systj 
•  an  elex-il 
■  stem, 
tah.    Tl 
lese  speJ 
'monstral 
Befonf 

ly  to  8t;i[ 

iiera  of 
tl  lateral 
St,  varial 
«;  secoi 
o  considl 
rposes. 


I  ciiti  conceive  of  Init  three  i)ossil»lc  ex]ilanatioiis  for  this  variation: 

(1)  'flic   I'acilic  slojic  fauna  maybe   new  as  compared  with   the  Atlantic, 
etanparativcly  new  conditions  may  have  thrown  the  characters  into  a  ciHiditim 
iliistaljlee<|nilibriiini  with  the  selection  of  the  adapted  forms.     The  llnctuations  in 
tin  rays  of  some  of  tiie  species  would  lend  weijiht  to  such  a  supposition. 

(2)  The  I'acilic  slope  fauna  may  lie  of  diverse  ori<'in. 

('.S)   IJotli  of  these  factors  may  have  contributed  to  briny  alxuit  the  present  eoiidit 

This  last  seems  to  me  to  be  the  true  solution.  Most  of  the  Ibrms  have  uinln: 
edly  been  derived  within  c(»mparatively  recent  time  from  he  Atlantic  slope  of  >"i 
America,  while  others  liaxe  a  decidedly  Asiatic  cast. 

.lc//> //.sv.'- and  Oiir()ili!/iu-lnis  are  certainly  of  Asiatic  (U'iyin.  While  1  am  not  >i 
ciently  aciiiiainted  with  Asiatic  minnows  to  speak  with  certainty,  .soiiu!  of  the  <^n 
of  miniows  seem  to  have  a  decided  Asiatic  allinity. 

]\Iany  of  ihe  Ctifotitdiiiiiuv,  the  Ci/priiiiihr,  and  Salreli)iu,s,  ArcliopliUs,  and  pr<ili;i 
CottiiN  have  all  been  derived  from  forms  from  the  east«'rn  slojie  of  ^'ortli  Anierii  a. 


*  Till'  only  iitliiT  ('xoi'i)tioii  is  iiitrodiirt'il  liy  Tliiimiilliin. 


EXPLORATIONS    IN    WE8TEKN    CANADA,  ETC.  129 


f  with  miii 

than  III  li  LOCAL  VARIATIONS.* 


the  iiniii'" 
I  most  lii- 


SiiUT  iill  slnirtuics  <lill'«'riii;:  Iroiii  tli»' nviiaj.^f  arc  usually  ronCiiM'd  to  a  dcliiiite 
horizon  oi  imin-  or  less  icsirit KmI  icyioii,  ail  sacli  (litlt'iomcs  may  Itc  ((iiisidorcd  local 
variations.  Tlic  lar^ci  /.oo<fcoj.';iaitliical  icfjioiis  or  provinces  arc  in  this  extended 
seUNe  IcM-alitics.  and  the  oidcrs,  lainilics.  or  species  arc  llic  local  vaiiations  peculiar  to 
the  region  or  proviiae.  A  soincwiiat  moie  restricted  dcliiiitinn  would  include  sucdi 
pheiioitiena  as  arc  noticed  in  tlic  |iecu!iar  nindilicalinns  ot  the  tins  ot  I'acitic  slope 
fVesij-walcr  lish  dcscnhcd  in  the  prexious  chapter.  Sonu'  <'iiinini<hr  oi'  the  Colorado 
basin,  for  iii>laiice.  Iiave  tlie  anterici'  dorsal  rays  srron;i  ami  spinous,  while  al!  the 
Atlantic-  slope  >pccies  have  Iheiii  weak  and  riidiinciitary.  Another  iiistame  is  the 
increased  nniniicr  ot  rays  in  tiie  lins  ot'  racilic  slope  lishes.  Still  another  instance  is 
oB'ered  l»y  the  I't  rcnp.siihv.  ('uliniihln  has  stroll;;'  -pnics  in  both  the  dor.sal  and  anal 
tins,  while  /Vc,(>/m/«.  the  .\tlantic  slope  <,^'niis,  iias  none. 

For  the  present  purpose  I  want  to  restrict  the  incaiiin;;  still  further.     In  studying; 

;  the  South  Ainerican  catlishcs,  I  tbiind  tiiat  all   th*-  .Viiia/onian  species  ot'  tiie  ;:<-nu.s 

Ltlantic.     \IihatHdi((  have  <»  dorsal  rays,  whih'  several  of  the  southern   forms  have  more.     One 

I  c()ndit lull  peculiar  to  the  La  IMata  has  (!-'.(;  another  from  the  San  I'^rancisco  has  10  'ays.     ."More 

nations  in  'euiarkable  still  is  the  »'asc  of  I'sciKlDpimrhKhis  ziniiiHVD.     All  the  specimens  taken  in 

he  Amazon  have <>  dorsal  rays,  whileofa  iimaller  numl)er  taken  liirthcr  .south  several 

lave  7  dorsal  rays. 

seutcoiiditi'        It  is  to  variaticuis  like  the  last,  /.  <■.,  variations  within  the  spcci»'sor  closely  related 

have  mall  11  pedes  found  in  ditVerent  hicalities  within  a  restricted  re;;ioii,  that  I  want  to  contine 

sloi»e  of  Ni'iy  present  remarks.     Variatiiuis  within   species  are  a  matter  of  lines  and  curves, 

jinute  nieasiirements,  and  shades  of  cohu':  all  matters  ditlicidt  to  keep  in  mind,  still 

I  ain  not  m  'ore  so  to  represent  to  others.     All  naturalist.s  are  aware  of  the  existence  of  .sliyht 

of  the  ofii  'ff®rcu<*es  peculiar  to  different  localities,  but  sueli  variations  are  usually  luit  va^-uely 

onceived   l)y  the  observer,  and  still  more  va,!;uely  by  any  one  to  whom  the  observer 

and  proli;  '*y  attempt  to  ex])laiu  them. 

7    A  ..Will,  ;i        The  past  summei  I  colle(!ted  a  large  series  of  sitecimens  of  LvKrisrus  and  liuhnrtl- 

mim.     These   were  taken  in  a  number  of  dilVerent    localities  and  in  two  separate 

ver  systi'Mis.   the  ('olumbia   and  tiic  I'raser.     The  localities  extend  from  tide  water 

t  an  elevation  of  1,1I(I0  feet  on  tlie  Kraser,  and  from  'MM  to  l.TOt)  t'cct  on  the  Columbia 

.'Stem.     1  have  also  examined  a   niimber  of  si>ccimens  collei  fed  by  l>r.  .Ionian  in 

tab.     There  weie  in  all  H'.u;  specimens  which  I  was  personally  ahlc  to  examine.     In 

lese  speciiiu'iis   the   local   vaiiations  are   so   well   marked  that  a  ;;rapliic  method  of 

Mnonstratin^i'  the  variations  i.s  possibh'. 

Before  attempting  t(»  explain  the  charts  which  illustrate  this  matter,  it  is  ncces- 
ry  to  state  that  tliere  iiave  been  known  from  tli  two  river  systems  two  {groups  or 
■n era  of  ('i/ih-inidir  haviiif;' elongate  anal  tins.  lesc  were  h'i<liiiril,si>tiiiis  [hiiUcdtKs 
d  lateralis]  and  a  section  of  Lend. sens  iiiioiitxinis,  hi/droiihld.r,  and  iiilli).  There  are, 
st,  ■variations  which  do  away  with  the  genus  I\'ich<tr<lN(iiiiii.s,  as  distinct  from  /Aitcis- 
s;  second,  a  number  of  variations  wiiich,  while  very  striking,  need  not  be  taken 
o  consideration,  because  tlie  \'ariations  in  a  single  character  are  siitlicient  for  our 
rposes.     We  shall  limit  the  ob.servation  to  the  variation  in  the  number  of  anal  rays. 


'  liCiid  at  the  Doofiulicr  iiifotiiit;'  of  llic  Imliaiiu  .VcaiU'iiiy  ol'ScioiiLe.s,  181(2. 

F.  e.  1'..  ls'Jl-0 


130 


bLI.I.KlIN    ol"   Tin;    rXITKl)    STATUS    I'lsll    COMMISSION. 


Bull  U.  S 


lOO  I    — 

J 


III  till'  Aiiicritnii  friMicni  nl'  Ciipihiidiv  tin-  hhiiiImt  uImihiI  invs  is  iisimlly  llxnl  uit 
two  or  tliici'  Ini  aii.\  ;;t'iiii.>.  In  tlif  -;i'""l'  "''  li>ii»'-  hikI't  roiisiili'iatioii  tlio  iiiin, 
varies  within  IL'. 

Now  a  wonl  as  to  tlu'  rliarts.  Tlit'  V('iti«iil  lines  on  plates  7  ami  H  rt'pirsjMii 
niiiiiWcr  nl  i'.nal  rays,  iirjiiiiiiinj:  on  tin-  Irl't  with  llu-  lowest  iiiiiiiIkm'  ohst-rvi'd  ami . 
in;:  "11  tin-  riuht  witii  (lie  iiiyliest.  A  ci'rtaiii  ln'i;;lit  ( 1»>(>  nun.)  is  taken  to  repi..  •' 
KHI  jieieenr.  Tiie  liei;:lit  ol  tlie  riii\t'  oii  each  vertical  line  is  made  to  represeii' 
jier  cent  oT  specinieiis  liaviny  that  paitieiilar  niiinlter  ol  Ja\s  expressed  in  iiiilliiiK 
ol'  liei.ulit. 

Ill  I  lie  talile  lielow  the  iiiiiiilu'is  ill  the  lieadiiijrs  represent  the  imuihers  of  an.il 
found  in  s|teeiiiieiisof /t*/c//'nv/««>«/«.v,  and  opposite  each  locality  is  jfiveii  the  iiiiiiil'co 
speeiineiis  Iroin  that  locality  possessiiiji  ;he  ^'iveii  niiniber  of  rays.     Thus  rroin  J. 
Falls.  :,' specimens  had  Vlh  rays  in  the  anal,  II  speeimeiis  had  l.'JA  rays,  and  I  «    lo 
mens  had  !  W  rays.     At  the  bottom  is  ;;iveii  the  nearest  per  cent  that  the  sum  h| 
yiveii  e(»liimn  bears  to  all  the  (3(K))  specimens  examined.  °**' 

»c 


l.iX'illlIV. 


Kl.-v.i 
I 


rm. 


I  Niiinlif r  of  riivH  lu  tlii'uiiiil. 

lu.  iiij.  iiu.  ii4..i:..i.  nij.  itj.  iniJiQj.  '.'oj.  -jij.  -i'l^.  -iij.  2n      gg. 


I'r"\  u  IIi\  rl'  t  tttiintilittlS) 
riiltiiiihtd  lia.\iii . 


•:e  I  12 


hU\Ui)l\i\U  ihiithurhlox)  4  7r.'    ....      2IU       4    |... 

LaOiiimIr  ...'. •.'7811    ,....'     2       6  ,  11       4    ... 

O.pI.I.ii    •-'  Tmip     ....I     1       715       4,1 

Calilw.ll  •.'  :tT'J      I  ...:    1       20       7       8 

li.'VilHi.ilu' 1.47r)    1 1    

fiiuilllla ,        ^iiiiJ ' ^ 1        5 

I                f '/((*■(•  I-  lUmiii.                '  i       '               III 

I  (irilHii  Liikc 1  90(i 

!  SicniiimiH 1 ,  :t()0 

K<'inil(Mi|is 1,  I3S 

Mi.tsiciii I 


:i 


1 


,)        1     ... 

la    2H     8 


Vvv  rfiit-s. 


..\ 2  1   7  ;  la 

9       1)       4        8      13      17      11      IL'        8        4        1 


...       1         1   u. 

•.:>      18        8  I     2  I     2  :     2 


to- 


lO- 


o- 


Takinjiall  thespe(;imeiis  recorded  (.'500),  addiii},' the  columns,  and  roprcseiitii. 
variations  in  the  anal  rays  in  a  curve,*  we  find  that  there  is  a  certain  number  ol  •><> 
ders  or  peaks.     Each  of  these  rei»re.sents  a  distinct  sjiecies  or  variety.    The  cMi 
iiiterji:radatioii  can  be  measured  Ity  tlie  deptli  of  the  valley  between  any  two  i-'**" 
In  well  separated  species  the  slopes  of  the  two  peaks  would  not  meet.     Now  it  v 
noticed  that  the  depth  of  the  valley  between  tlie  two  right  peaks  is  (piite  .sli 
and,  ill  fact,  1  lind  the  variation  almost  jierfect  between  L.  ImUvntus  and  liitnul' 
two  varieties  reinesented  by  these  two  jteaks.     The  valley  between  the  iiiiiM/ 
and  the  two  on  the  left  is  deep.     In  other  words,  L,  Uiicralis  is  well  separated  o- 
eharacter  under  consideration  from  L.  InjdrophJo.r  and  uioutunim,  the  speci 
seiited  by  the  i)eak  to  the  left.     On  the  other  hand,tlu;  latter  species  luerfr*'  in'  ° 
other  jierfectly  in  the  number  of  rays. 

I  have  represented  in  a  double  curve  or  composite  photograph,  as  it  wciv 


-  liy  Mil  ()vt'isi;;lit  tliis  curve  han  been  omittetl.     Tlie  ln'i.i,'lit  of  tlio  cnrve  in  niilliiiit'tiM--  ii  3- 
poiiits  i.s  iii(lici(tc<l  liy  llii>  iiimitxTs  at  tlm  1  ottoiii  i'*"    lie  talde.     With  thisc  the  curve  i:n  • 
coustriicteil  Ijy  usiug  iLe  liucs  of  plate  7  or  plate  J5.  9- 


lO 

uoc>j 

elow  ore  (fivJ 


tlxcil  w 

tlic    null-    70- 

'i'|)rt'!<t'iii 
vi'tl  ninl 
t(i  jt'iiii- 

IfplCMil! 

II  iiiilliiiK 

30-\ 

f,  (»f  illl.ll 
tlif  iiiiiiili'  co- 
ns IVttni 
s,  ami  I  -  •<»- 
111'  sum  I 


i.  -iH-  'i*''.       80 
70H 


i 

...    1 



1 

■■i:::--- 

2  1    'J       - 

ro-i 
represt'utii 

,-.  Til*'  ^•^'' 
any  t\vii  i 

.     Now  it  V 

is  quitt'  sli 

and  /*('""'  o- 

1  the  iiii'W 
sepai'-.iti''  o- 

hc  spocics 

;smergt'iii''°"' 

as  it  w<i^' 

iiiUimftoi>  ai 
0  oirve  t  I 


Plate  7. 


(iiilliii  Like:  altitiiilf, 

l.'.MMt  IV.  I. 


Siciiinons  :   iiltitlldr. 
l,:t(H(  left. 


Mi>Ni(>ii:  :illitu<l<>.  1  fixii. 


10       II        12       13        14       IS       16       17        18       19      20     21       ZZ     23      2a 

LOCALITY   CURVES   OF   THE   ANAL   FIN   OF    LEUCISCUS   LATERALIS   AND    BALTEATUS    IN   THE   FRASER   BASIN. 

elowaregiren  the  .iiiiil  luys,  ii:i  tlir  Icl't  tlic  iicii'i'iits  to  lntl.     Tlu"  ciii'ves  iviircsiMit  the  jK-rcfUts  of  siit'cimens  having  the  (j'veii  iiumlxM 
of  anal  vnys.     At  :\lissi<)ii  tin-  5,'riNiti'st  peri'i'iit  Imvi'  I'.i  iiiial  ni.vs,  at  Siciiiiiniis  17,  ami  at  (iriftlii  Lake  15. 


r 
\o 


i  F    C    IB"**      tip'int- )r.i  ir  Wes»»iR  C»p»'t*,  otc       .^tIi   rnii«  M-: 


PLAtt  8. 


Miiliii  Vi\\U;  jiltltilili 

i.;r.'  f.'.i. 


i:r^ 


iM».  II:  :tllll>l'l<' 


30 


y\ 


r  i"iii,.!iihi.  .■.iiiiu.i.' .»" 


>  il 

11  s 

lor 
uli 
till 

(iiii. 
;iit' 
pro 
li.rj 

iiiid 
oth 

Clll' 

tlie. 

lo\V( 

spec 

IIUIII 

but 

witli 

.Miss 

inovi 
imiit 
not  > 
sloiK 

of  r;i 

r 

tioiis 
iiiliiil 
IdalK 
uitli 
'I 
vatio 
as  in 

ui'cati 

r 

tioii.s 
uilii  ^ 

uliich 
uaiiisj 
the  mi 


—  t^'..-.. .  ■-  -^iA:Vi^u 


KXPLOUATION.S    1\    WKSTI'.K'N    CANADA,    I'/rc. 


i;u 


7 1111(1  .S),tli('  Viiriatiuiis  in  rlicoii.'  point,  the  iiiiiiihcr  of  ainil  r;i\  s  lor  ciidi  locality  w  hero 
iisiiHiciciit  iimiihcrot'  s|K'ciiiic!is  wciv  obtiiiiu'tl.  If  will  h,>  sc(M1  that  wliilc  the  curves 
for  different  localities  in  some  cases  resenihle  ea.li  (»t]ier  closely,  there  are  no  I  \^  o 
uhich  arecMictly  alike.  In  other  words.  ea<li  locality  has  its  own  variety,  wliicli  in 
the  a;i^Mvv:ate  is  dillerent  from  the  variety  in  every  other  locality. 

Ill  order  l(»  have  these  curves  -ive  exact  results  an  e(iiial  nnmlicr  of  specimens 
(tii,ul'tto  havoheeii  taken  from  each  locality,  luit  this  was  impossible,  and  the  <'nives 
are  t'lM-refore,  based  on  dillerent  iiiiinliers  i,f  specimens.  'I'he  hiyliest  point  woidd 
probably  in  no  case  be  mo\-ed  cither  to  the  riuiit  or  to  tlie  left  by  an  examinal  ion  of  a 
larger  iimidu'r  of  six'ciineiis.  but  the  width  of  the  ciir\e  wonid  probably  be  j;reater 
and  the  hei.inlit  aloii,-;' the  dillerent  perpendicular  lines  miuht  be  greater  or  less.  In 
other  words,  the  smaller  the  nninlM'r  (d"  specimens  the  hijiher  and  iiarrowci'  will  be  the 
curve. 

There  are  presented  tlii'ee  ciiincs  for  three  localities  with  dillerent  altitudes  on  the 
I'raser  system  (plate  7).  The  number  of  specimens  was.  lespectively,  7!».  oS,  and  I  }• 
tiie  elevation  1,  1. .")()().  and  1. !>()(>  feet.  The  \ariiitioii  is  seen  to  be  much  "greater  in  the 
lowe.st  locality,  a  fact  which  can  not  be  entirely  attributed  to  the  greater  number  of 
specimens  examiiu'd,  for  the  viiriatloii  fiom  the  normiil.  wliicii  is  19  niys.  to  a  Iiiyher 
number  of  rays,  is  as  great  us  the  entire  \ariation  for  the  nex'.  locality. 

in  the  second  l(»cality  a  much  lurger  per  cent  have  the  normal  nnmbei' of  lays, 
but  the  normal  number  has  been  decreased  to  17.  The  s])ecinu'ns  from  this  locality, 
with  two  exeeptions,  I  have  identilled  us  />.  hitrntlls.  Those  from  the  first  locality, 
.Mission,  represent  L,  hidtiatiis. 

TIk^  third  list  is  iiiten^sting  from  the  tact  that  the  normal  number  of  rays  is  again 
moved  two  rays  to  the  left.  In  other  woids,  the  higher  the  altitude  the  fewer  the 
luuuber  of  rays  ai.d  the  narrower  the  limits  of  variation.  Moreover,  the  curves  are 
iitd  s^mmetrieal  lor  any  of  the-  three  loealities,  Imt  in  the  aggregate  the  more  gradual 
slope  is  on  the  side  of  an  increased  number  of  I'ays,  a  eouditiou  which,  considering 
the  general  variation  of  rays  on  the  Pacilic  Slope,  seems  to  indicate  that  the  number 
of  rays  of  the  si)ecies  (d'  this  genus  in  the  I-'raser  system  is  increasing  and  that  the 
increase  is  progressing  from  lower  to  higher  altitudes. 

The  curves  for  the  Columlaa  system  (plate  8)  are  not  so  unanimous  in  their  indica- 
tions. It  will,  however,  be  noticed  that,  with  one  exception,  they  show  that  the 
munberof  rays  decreases  with  the  increase  of  the  altitude,tlie  highest  jioint  examined, 
Idalu)  Falls,  having  the  fewest  rays.  These  specimens  represent  L.  Iii/dnijtlilo.r.  which, 
with  moiitdinis,  does  not  descend  from  the  mountains  or  high  jdateaus. 

The  greatest  vari..tion  in  this  system  was  not  at  the  lowest  altitude,  but  at  an  ele- 
vation of-,;>7li  feet.  None  ol'tlie  curves  ari^  symmetri(!al,  but  the  asymmetry  is  again, 
as  in  the  Fraser  system,  greater  (Ui  the  right  than  on  the  left.  The  variation  is  again 
ureatcr  toward  the  higher  iinniber  of  lays  ihan  toward  the  lower. 

I  am  not  aware  that  a  similar  attempt  has  been  made  before  to  reiiresent  varia- 
tions between  localities.  While  the  curves  here  givt'U  will  no  doultt  vary  slightly 
with  every  additional  speeimen  examined,  the  nature  of  the  curve  will  prob.ibly  not 
l)e  greatly  changed.  Certainly  the  imjiortant  jxmit.  that  each  locality  has  a  variety 
which  in  the  aggregate  is  ditVerent  from  the  variety  <»f  every  otiier  locality,  can  n(»t  be 
iiaiusaid;  nor  are  a-dtlitional  spcrimens  likely  to  overthrow  the  generalization  that 
the  nuin'wor  of  rays  in  the  species  considered  decreases  with  the  altitude. 


132 


BULLETIN    (»F    TIIL    LNITED    STATKS    FlS^H    COMMISSION. 


GENERAL  SUMMARY  OF  THE  RESULTS. 

The  fish  fiiuiia  (tf  tilt'  whole  ic^ioii  triivciscd  is  poor  in  comiyarisoii  with  tliat  of  the 
streams  of  tilt-  Oliio  N'allt'V.  I  obtained  in  ail  but  (m  species.  al)out  LM>  pt-r  eeiit  ol' 
wliicli  were  new  to  science.  'I'liey  belonj;  to  11  families  and  In  genera.  In  the  Win 
nipej;'  system.  /. '.,  in  the  whole  re;;ion  drained  by  the  tiibnfaries  of  liake  Winnijie;:. 
only.!  of  the  10  families  characterizing  the  Nearctic  n-jiion  were  oi)tained.  and  the 
Pacitic  Slope  «'oiiiains  only  two. 

The  followin,,  notable  additions  to  the  knowledjie  of  th«'  Noith  American  fann;i 
weie  made  b\   these  explorations: 

1.  A  species  of  l'initi>.stfiis  { l'.coli(mhit(inis  I'.  Jonhiiii  u\'  t\ir  Missouri)  discovered 
on  the  I'acilic  Slope. 

L'.  \i)t urns  fid n(.s  found  at  the  base  of  the  Hoekies  at  (.'raij;",  Mont. 

;!.   I'our  new  species  of  Xotrojiis  added  to  the  ea/it  ( 'anailian  fauna. 

4.  Two  new  species  of  Atjosia  added  to  the  I'acilic  fauna. 

■").  A  new  species  of  whitetish  (6'(>/vy/»h/(.s'  coitltcri)  disct»vered  in  the  Ivocky  Moiin 
tain  streams  of  a  restricted  rej;ion  in  Ihitish  C%)lumbia. 

().  The  fandlyof  I'mopsithv  found  to  have  a  reiiresentative  on  the  l*aeiti«;  Slope  m 
the  new  genus  Coliimhio. 

7.  Several  species  of  E'heostoma  found  in  Canada,  among  them  two  new  species. 

8.  One  new  i'ottus  [('.  omjclntH)  added  to  the  fauna  of  the  Saskatchewan. 
0.  A  new  Cottiis  {<'.  jtliilniiips)  discovered  in  the  Kicking  Horse  at  Field. 

10.  A  species  of  Loto  reported  both  in  the  Columbia  and  the  Fraser.  A  specimen 
.since  secured  from  the  Columbia. 

U.  It  was  discovered  that  the  tins  of  the  fishes  of  the  I'acilic  Sloi)e  vary  from  the 
tins  of  fishes  of  the  Atlantic  Slope  in  definite  directions. 

12.  The  extent  of  variation  between  the  species  of  any  given  family  of  fishes  on 
the  l*aciiic  coast  was  found  to  be  greater  than  that  between  the  species  of  the  same 
family  on  the,  Atlantic  Slope. 

1.').  RicliiirdsDiiiKs  was  ]»roved  to  be  a  subgenus  of  IjeiiciscKn.  Its  species  were 
found  to  vary  directly  witii  the  locality.  Kach  locality  examined  has  a  variety  which 
in  the  aggregate  differs  from  the  variety  of  every  other  locality. 


Ndti;.— NiiKc  lliis  iiiijier  Iwi.s  lit'eii  put  in  type  Drs.  .loidan  and  Kvennann  have  placed  the  I'louls 
oC  tlic  I'isliu.s  ot' Ni)rtli  Ainerii'a  in  my  liands,  iiinl  f  lia\i'  ailoptcd  all  the  elianues  in  iionienclatiuc 
sii.njio.sted  liy  tlit'in  up  ti)  Citpriii'uhv.  I)r.  .lordan  Iimm  also  made  many  .suijfrestioiiH  re^ardinj;-  tin' 
<liai)fir  on  "Structural  i'cculiaiities,"' etc.,  \\.  lL'2,  I  lia\ c  not  Ijecu  able  to  fi've  these  sufiKC'^'i""!^ 
the  attention  liiey  merit,  hut  they  wifi  receive  due  eonsidt  ration  in  a  more  detailed  study  of  this 
wulijeet. 


